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Cuba s Current Gross National Income Per Person Of $ 5890...

Jason Lee Captain Czak History 300 21 October 2016 Cuba Cuba’s current gross national income per person of $5,890 (Talley), enormous debt, and other poor economic conditions can be explained by events tracing back post-World War II in 1945. The island of Cuba was inhabited by different Mesoamerican cultures but introduced to European cultures in 1492 with the arrival of Christopher Columbus. Spain began to colonize Cuba among other Caribbean islands in the 16th century and utilized the island as a stopping point before the New World. This all changed when the collapse of Haiti initiated a sugar boom causing Cuba to emerge as a major world sugar producer. Freedom from Spain was finally gained with the help of the United States after the Spanish American War when the Treat of Paris was signed. About three years later, the Platt Amendment was passed which provided the United States control and great influence in Cuba’s domestic and international affairs. The United States control was further strengthened after World War II whe n Fulgencio Batista became President of Cuba in 1952. But this created many issues which fueled the Cuban Revolution ending in 1959 when Fidel Castro overthrew Batista, propelling Cuba into a new era of communism. The period of decolonization for Cuba after World War II sparked a surge of nationalism which helped Fidel Castro dissolve American political, economic, and diplomatic ties as well as establish a communist regime after the Cuban Revolution.

Enterprise Change and Creativity

Question: Describe about greggs posts jump in profits and resumes buybacks? Answer: The article needs to be analyzed on the Gregg's bakery supply chain that leads to organizational change leading to higher profits and growing like for like sales. The Gregg's bakery chains acquire the lost market by its new strategy and improving the quality of the existing estate, making operations simpler and efficient (Greggs - Strategy in Action, 2014). The article is based on the drivers of change that lead to the modification, the pace of the change and the scope of the change. The Greggs marketing strategy is majorly focused on "Food on the Go" with a view to expand and attain a leading position in the segment. However, as mentioned in the article, Greggs expanded its market by refitting 213 stores to the 150 stores is considered a sensible investment. Nevertheless, healthy sandwiches and investment in improving coffee have recorded pre-tax profits that have grown from 41pc to 58.3million in the 53 weeks; the peak profits in the history of Greggs bakery chain (Ruddick and Martin, 2015). The organizational business model that can be applied to the Gregg's bakery chain is the model for Planned Change with three phases involved namely exploration phase, action phase, and integration phase. The Organizational Model of Change gave by Burke involves two order of change First and the second order. The model by Burke is well suited for Gregg's bakery supply chain that combines the theoretical framework with issues involving the overall effectiveness of the change processes (Venkateshwara, 2012). The drivers of this change are the competition from other food chains and coffee shops like Subway, McDonalds, Starbucks, and Costa Coffee respectively (Ruddick and Martin, 2015). The food sector segment is highly becoming competitive with growing extension in meal deals offered by grocery supermarkets through the convenience estate expanding. The scope of change was noticed in differentiated products like coffee and sandwiches with a view of delivering fresh and tasty food to restore sales. The change has been gradual from 2012-2015 (Daniel, 2015). The company involved a diversification strategy and market penetration according to Ansoff Matrix, which seeks differential advantage in the product that can have a technological capability to establish a competitive position with a proper distributional network. The pace of the change is technological in nature and with the market- based differential strategy advantage that could be applied to a particular market segment. The visible change value that can be seen by the customer as the one refitting of 650 stores in Gregg's bakery chain and the invisible change can be valued when the producer build into product or service (Kunadt, 2015). However, the strategic direction taken by Greggs highlighted great tasting food, shopping experience with improvement through change and efficient yet simple operations. The organization strategy that Greggs established holds driving for sales, targeted returns of the increased investment in refitted shop with the delivery of supply chain and operation efficiencies and striving to achieve the planned benefits (Hutton, 2015). The Greggs supply chain adopted a diversification strategy with market penetration on Burke's organized changed model to increase its sales and gain a competitive advantage over the competitors. References Daniel, H. (2015). The impact of the marketing environment: Greggs.Docs.school Publications. [online] Available at: https://www.oboolo.com/social-studies/education-studies/case-study/impact-marketing-environment-greggs-86587.html [Accessed 6 Mar. 2016]. Greggs - Strategy in action. (2014). [online] Greggs.co.uk. Available at: https://corporate.greggs.co.uk/business-strategy [Accessed 6 Mar. 2016]. Hutton, R. (2015).Preliminary Results for the 53 Weeks ended 3 January 2015. [online] Greggs.co.uk. Available at: https://corporate.greggs.co.uk/sites/default/files/Greggs%20plc%20-%20Preliminary%20Results%20-%2004.03.15.pdf [Accessed 6 Mar. 2016]. Kunadt, F. (2015). How enterprises manage strategic stability and change: A qualitative comparative analysis of different enterprise performance groups. Ruddick, G. and Martin, B. (2015).Greggs posts jump in profits and resumes buybacks. [online] Telegraph.co.uk. Available at: https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/retailandconsumer/11448522/Greggs-posts-jump-in-profits-and-resumes-buybacks.html [Accessed 6 Mar. 2016]. Venkateshwara, K. (2012).Organizational change-model. [online] Slideshare.net. Available at: https://www.slideshare.net/venkateswarak/organizational-changemodel [Accessed 6 Mar. 2016].

Current Surgical Treatment of Gallstones Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Current Surgical Treatment of Gallstones. Answer: Introduction: Effective clinical reasoning skills in nursing practice ensure positive patient outcomes. Conversely, poor clinical reasoning skills lead to patients deterioration (Salminen et al., 2014). The term clinical reasoning in nursing refers to the process of collecting cues, processing patient related information, understanding the health condition of the patient, planning and development of intervention, evaluation of outcome and reflecting on the outcomes and the process. The entire process is a not linear rather each step of the process is a cycle of linked and ongoing clinical encounters (Dalton et al., 2015). Levett Jone developed the clinical reasoning cycle and it is vital in nursing profession. The essay deals with the case study of 49-year-old man Mr. Kasim Al-Mutar who presents to the emergency department with cholecystitis. The essay presents the health assessment of the patient using the Levett Jones clinical reasoning framework. The clinical reasoning cycle is a dynamic Management process and consists of several stages. The first step of the framework is the consideration of the patients situation. In the given case study, Mr. Kasim Al-Mutar, a 49 year old man with cholecystitis is presented to the emergency department. He presents following two days of right upper quadrant abdominal pain, vomiting and fever. Cholecystitis is the condition associated with gallbladder inflammation. In this condition, the gallstones obstruct the cystic duct. It result in build up of bile in the gall bladder leading to inflammation. The most common sign of the acute cholecystitis is abdominal pain and tenderness in right upper quadrant or RUQ (Bosch et al., 2016). It is the typical compliant for his age and gender. According to Wichmann et al., (2010) the risk of cholecystitis increases with age. In Australia this is the common condition in 25-30% people aged 50 years and above. Acute cholecystitis is more common in men than wo men who get gallstones more often. Therefore, it is common for Mr. Kasim to experience these symptoms. However, further assessment is needed to determine the exact cause of the symptom and identify the presence of gallstones. The next step of the clinical reasoning cycle is collection of cues and information related to the clinical situation presented. For this purpose, it is important to review the handover information. Based on the clinical handover by previous nurse, the patient had heart rate of 126, blood pressure of 100/45 and temperature of 38.5 which indicates fever . The handover informs severe pain in right upper quadrant with last episode of vomiting 2 hours ago. Upon collecting more information on the patient from the previous nurse, it was found that the patient is pale with dry mucous membrane. The patient is thirsty and is requesting water to drink. Additional information gained from the previous reports includes shoulder tip pain. The patient reported a pain score of 7 on a scale of 10. Upon collecting information on patients family, it was found that the only member to support and care for Mr. Kasim is his 12-year-old daughter. The clinical handover does not provide information on presence of abdominal sounds which is the most common diagnostic test ordered to diagnose cholecystitis. The information does not indicate if the pain was initially colicky and if later has turned to be constant. There should have been more information on the level of bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase which, provide an evidence on the obstruction of bile duct. There is a need of complete blood count test for diagnosis and confirmation of a cute cholecystitis by identifying the markers of inflammation (Yabluchansky et al., 2016). The information collected from the handover needs to be processed to proceed with further health assessment of the patient. The processing of obtained clinical information is the next stage of clinical reasoning cycle. To start with the vital signs the heart rate of patient which is 126 beats per minute is indicative of tachycardia (Yabluchansky et al., 2016). His blood pressure of 100/45 indicates hypotension and fever is indicated by his temperature of 38.8C. Further, the patient has been vomiting 2 hours ago. According to Yabluchansky et al., (2016) the most common symptoms of acute cholecystitis include fever, vomitting, tachycardia, and abdominal pain. According to McPheeters and Karp, (2015) nausea and vomiting in this condition is associated with biliary colic which is the condition caused when bile duct is temporarily blocked by the gallstones. Therefore, these symptoms match in the case of the patient. The patients of acute cholecystitis report upper abdominal pain, which th en radiates to the right shoulder or scapula. Further, the pain frequently begins in the epigastric region and then localises in the RUQ (Bosch et al., 2016). A similar symptom has been absorbed in case of Mr. Kasim whose clinical history shows shoulder tip pain and severe RUQ pain. The pain score of 7 out of 10 indicates a dominant pain. It indicates severe pain that dominates the senses. This severe pain significantly interferes with sleep and limits the ability to perform the normal daily activities (Strong et al., 2014). Further, the pale skin of the patient indicates anaemia, and the patient is dehydrated as evident from the dry mucous membrane and patients willingness to drink water. It indicates the need of setting up intravenous fluid immediately (Jeong Jung, 2016). It is necessary to judge the present condition of the patient using critical thinking skills to identify the problems and issues. Based on the symptoms of the patient the most suspected diagnosis is acute cholecystitis considering the symptoms and literature (Le Finlayson, 2016). There is a need of focussed health assessment. The laboratory tests of amylase /lipase, liver function test, cardiac enzymes and b-HCG will better eliminate the irrelevant options from the differential diagnosis. Some of the symptoms are also common in case of common bile duct obstruction, and acalculous cholecystitis (Barie Eachempati, 2015).These diagnostic tests are essential because acute cholecystitis and common bile duct obstruction is confirmed with increased level of Alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, bilirubin and alakaline. In acute cholecystitis, amylase and lipase are mildly elevated. Therefore, these tests will rule out the possibilities of other problems such as appendiciti s (Victory et al., 2017). If the fever is due to infection it will be evident from the rise in WBC (positive blood cultures). The correct information of the diagnosis can be achieved from the acute abdominal series and ultrasound of the right upper quadrant. In case the acute abdominal series is negative then the information from the ultrasound test will be the last resort for correct diagnosis. It is because the right upper quadrant ultrasound informs about the presence of the gallstones, perichocholecystic fluid, thickening of the gall bladder wall thickening, sonographic Murphys sign and other abnormalities in pancreas, liver, kidney and other things such as air in the wall of the gallbaaldder. Further, secondary imaging tests such as computed tomography can help identify the extrabilary disorder (Adhikari et al., 2014). Most of the symptoms direct towards that of acute cholecystitis, which in most cases occur due to gallstones. However, in many patients having gallstones do not lead to these symptoms. Some patients may not have cholecystitis, however, may present with similar symptoms such as inflamed gallbladder (Yabluchansky et al., 2016). In cases other than acute cholecystitis such as catarrhal inflammation, patients have been found to be infected with pyogenic bacteria that lead to fever. It may result in inflammation and perforation of the mucous membrane. These conditions are different from the cholecystitis. In case of the patient Mr. Kasim, the possibility of Jaundice is not present. In most cases unless common bile duct obstruction, Jaundice is absent (Guo et al., 2014). Many people with typical gall bladder attack have similar symptoms but do not have severe pain similar to acute cholecystitis (Jeong Jung, 2014). The last step of the clinical reasoning cycle is the detailed health assessment of the patient. Prior to the assessment ad developing care plan there is a need of detailed assessment which include the following- Ultrasonography- it is the initial imaging test preferred for the patient of cholecystitis. It is followed by CT scan which is secondary imaging test to identify extra-biliary disorders. It also identifies acute complications of cholecystitis. Cholecystography as per Le and Finlayson, (2016) can reveal the stones in the biliary system. The nurse must assess the skin and mucous membrane followed by assessment of peripheral pulses and capillary refill. Followed this the nurse must assess for abdominal distension, and any reluctance to move. Nurse must report if there is any frequent belching and guarding in patient. Later the nurse must assess the pattern of the pain and any risk of malnutrition. Based on the assessment the major goals for the patient include relieving pain and promoting rest. The immediate attention to the patient include maintaing fluid and electrolyte balance and prevention of complications (Adhikari et al., 2014). In conclusion, the competent professional practice requires sophisticated thinking skills. Critical reasoning in nursing is vital as nurses are significant part of the judgements and the decision-making in heath care. Patients are sometimes presented with the complex symptoms which may overlap with other diseases. Ineffective judgment may lead to development of inappropriate interventions. Consequently, it may give rise to patients deterioration and mortality. Thus, clinical reasoning cycle is one of the most important learning approaches for preparedness of professional nurse practice. References Adhikari, S., Morrison, D., Lyon, M., Zeger, W., Krueger, A. (2014). Utility of point-of-care biliary ultrasound in the evaluation of emergency patients with isolated acute non-traumatic epigastric pain.Internal and emergency medicine,9(5), 583-587. Askew, J. (2005). A survey of the current surgical treatment of gallstones in Queensland.ANZ journal of surgery,75(12), 1086-1089. Barie, P. S., Eachempati, S. R. (2015). Acute acalculous cholecystitis. InAcute Cholecystitis(pp. 187-196). Springer International Publishing. Barie, P. S., Franck, P. (2015). History of Medical and Surgical Management of Acute Cholecystitis. InAcute Cholecystitis(pp. 1-16). Springer International Publishing. Bosch, D., Schmidt, J. N., Kendall, J. (2016). Acute Cholecystitis Detected by Serial Emergency Department Focused Right Upper Quadrant Ultrasound.Journal of Medical Ultrasound,24(2), 66-69. Dalton, L., Gee, T., Levett-Jones, T. (2015). Using clinical reasoning and simulation-based education to'flip'the Enrolled Nurse curriculum.Australian Journal of Advanced Nursing, The,33(2), 29. Guo, S., Lei, J., Zhai, Y., Chen, P., Zhang, H., Zhang, J., ... Guo, Y. (2014). Quantitative Analysis of Focal Liver Injury Using the Apparent Diffusion Coefficient in Patients with Biliary Obstruction from Common Bile Duct Stones: A Pilot Study.Current Molecular Imaging,3(3), 240-245. Jeong, C. Y., Jung, S. H. (2016). Acute Cholecystitis after Screening Colonoscopy.Korean Journal of Pancreas and Biliary Tract,21(4), 228-231. Le, S. T., Finlayson, E. (2016). Surgical vs Non-Surgical Management of Acute Cholecystitis in Nursing Home Patients.Journal of the American College of Surgeons,223(4), S118. McPheeters, R. A., Karp, J. (2015). ABDOMINAL PAIN, NAUSEA, AND VOMITING.Emergency Medicine Secrets. Salminen, H., Zary, N., Bjrklund, K., Toth-Pal, E., Leanderson, C. (2014). Virtual patients in primary care: developing a reusable model that fosters reflective practice and clinical reasoning.Journal of medical Internet research,16(1), e3. Strong, J., van Griensven, H., Vincenzino, B. (2014). Pain assessment and measurement. Victory, J., Meytes, V., Parizh, D., Ferzli, G., Nemr, R. (2017). Co-existent appendicitis and cholecystitis.Annals of Laparoscopic and Endoscopic Surgery,2(1). Wichmann, M. W., Lang, R., Beukes, E., Esufali, S. T., Jauch, K. W., Httl, T. K., Httl, T. P. (2010). Laparoscopic cholecystectomycomparison of early postoperative results in an Australian rural centre and a German university hospital.Langenbeck's archives of surgery,395(3), 255-260. Yabluchansky, M., Bogun, L., Martymianova, L., Bychkova, O., Lysenko, N., Makienko, N. (2016). Cholelithiasis, chronic cholecystitis and functional biliary disorders.

Importance of the Medical Records in Medicine

A medical record generally represents information concerning a patient that is written following a patient’s visit to health care facilities. The record contains the medical history of a patient as well as all the treatment procedures and methods that are carried out while in hospital.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Importance of the Medical Records in Medicine specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is a significant document because it assists in making medical decisions as well as sharing the responsibility with the patient. Bearing in mind that it is a legal document, it can be used to protect both the patient and the doctor while in court. In addition, it has got a legal obligation since it can be used to file a case. The document can be written in different forms and most importantly, there are different systems used in the same which are inclusive of PIE charting, traditional narrative, charting by exce ption as well as source oriented and problem oriented (Iyer, Levin, Shea, 2006). With that background in mind, this paper shall discuss the legal advantages and disadvantages of PIE charting and problem oriented systems. Problem oriented is a system that uses a format known as SOAP. The word SOAP represents the subjective data, objective data, assessment as well as the health care plan (Iyer, Levin, Shea, 2006). The usage of the method started in 1960s and it was an improvement of the narrative method which was being used initially. Bearing in mind that the method enables medical care professionals to create a problem list indicating all the problems of the patient, it is very beneficial in the legal process since it displays all the medical problems of a patient. It reduces the chances of misdiagnosis and hence reduces medical errors; therefore, legally, it reduces the chances of a medical professional going to court due to errors committed during treatment. In addition, the medi cal professional can still have enough information to explain why different treatment procedures are undertaken. However, the system is disadvantageous based on the fact that it is cumbersome. However, incase the patient attends different hospitals; it becomes difficult to have a comprehensive record that is necessary during legal processes (Post Harrison, 2006). PIE charting is a method that is not as popular as other methods. The word PIE basically means documenting of patients records, evaluation, as well as all the interventions. The method came in to being in the year 1984 and was meant to eliminate the care plan that existed initially (Iyer, Levin, Shea, 2006).Advertising Looking for essay on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Although PIE charting has got several advantages, the most important benefit in the legal set up is the fact that it is comprehensive as it contains interventions, evaluations as w ell as the diagnosis. In addition, it is very significant in the legal process due to the fact that evaluation is done systematically. On the other hand, there are disadvantages of PIE charting especially in reference to the legal arena. For example, the method leaves out some important procedures like the planning process which may be very important in the legal processes. Failure to access some information during the legal process may interfere with the whole process since all information from the initial step is important to help in making legal decisions (American Health Information Management Association Roach, 2006). As highlighted in the introductory part, medical records are used for various purposes but are very vital in legal processes. However, despite the fact that all methods try to capture the same information, recording is done differently and in different formats. In consequential, all methods have got particular advantages and disadvantages. More specifically, for legal purposes, the study has illustrated that some methods have got advantages as well as the disadvantages. For example, while the problem oriented is easier to understand since it contains a problem list, the PIE chart is disadvantageous due to the fact that it omits some specific information that may be important. Therefore, it is explicit that all methods have got advantages and disadvantage which are dependent on the purpose of the medical record as well as on other factors ( PKC Corporation n.d. ) References PKC Corporation. (n.d.). A Problem Oriented Approach to the Computerized Patient Record. Web. American Health Information Management Association Roach, W. H. ( 2006). Medical records and the law. New York: Jones Bartlett Learning. Iyer, P. W., Levin, B. J., Shea, M. A. (2006). Medical legal aspects of medical records. Tucson: Lawyers Judges Publishing Company.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Importance of the Medical Records in Medicine specific ally for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Post, A., Harrison, J. ( 2006). Data Acquisition Behaviors during Inpatient Results Review: Implications for Problem-oriented Data Displays. American Medical Informatics Association , 644–648. This essay on Importance of the Medical Records in Medicine was written and submitted by user Blakely D. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The Silent K

The Silent K The Silent K The Silent K By Sharon One common spelling error is omitting the K at the beginning of words where it is silent (example: nick-nack instead of knick-knack). The origins of silent K are difficult to pin down. What we do know is that the k wasnt always silent, especially in words of Germanic origin. Just as it is in German, the k was actually pronounced and many of the words which now have silent k originally began with that distinctive clicking sound. My high school teacher made a point of this when teaching us Chaucer. However, some time after the Chaucerian era, the k sound disappeared from the kn combination. There is speculation that it suddenly became hard to pronounce, and was just one of many linguistic changes after the Great Vowel Shift. I havent found any corroboration for this theory. Heres a partial list of words with a silent K. Feel free to add yours. knack knacker knapsack knave knead knee kneel knell knelt knew knick-knack knickers knife knight knit knob knock knoll knot know knowledge knuckle Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Spelling category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Compared "to" or Compared "with"?Email EtiquettePhrasal Verbs and Phrasal Nouns

Reading Reflection Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Reading Reflection - Assignment Example Cultivating integrative thinking is possible when one views their problems as processes other than events, and problems as products. As a process, a situation makes it the responsibility of the learner to search for the problem without direct or indirect reference to the problem. Conversely, the product arising from the process of identifying the problem is also a problem because besides the presentation of the problem, raising crucial questions and identifying what is expected leads to a further problem to solve. Although dealing with life problems maybe outlined in simple and motivating steps, I understand that the intensity of one problem differs from that of another. Consequently, I would be wrong to say that I have an ideal way of dealing with all my problems. However, with the right questions for each problem, identifying the right approach is easier, even though it is labor intensive. I have come to understand that despite my student life being a high pressure and high stake situation, I have never had the right approach nor known the ultimate expectations of my academic writing. Actually, I have simplified by academic writing to fulfilling one of the instructor’s expectations. In some way, this approach has presented some pressure but, I have always performed just above average, and this is an indication that I missed some crucial steps. Average academic performance also implies that, my approach to the problem did not involve the hard work required to develop the complex idea in the problem. Consequently, I have failed to meet high achiever’s grades. In life situations, this would present me as a lesser competent person and could probably translate to less employability due to evident limitations in handling pressure. Regardless of the inappropriateness of the question, I have learnt that the beginning of any academic

Geographical information system and agriculture Research Paper

Geographical information system and agriculture - Research Paper Example In the long run, commonly referenced data can be superimposed to determine relationships between data components. Geographic information system (GIS) software applies relational database management technologies to consign a series of attributes to every spatial characteristic (Longley et al 86). Ordinary aspect identification keys are used to associate the spatial and attribute data among tables. For example, a soil polygon can be associated to a chain of database tables that explains chemical composition, its mineral, crop yield, slope, land use suitability, and other features. Another aspect of Geographic information system (GIS) is that it provides the capability to coalesce series of data into a multiple data layer that may later be a base layer in the database. For instance, demography, slope, wetlands, hydrography, soils and land use can be merged to develop a solitary layer of proper hazardous waste storage sites (Longley et al 140). These data, in turn, may be integrated into the listing database of local government and applied for regulatory and planning evaluations.GIS software normally allows for two kinds of data. Some use raster data i.e. satellite imagery while others use vectors to represent features on the surface of the earth. Most systems allow for complete integration of both types of data (Pierce and David, 11). A GIS can be used to explain basic locational questions such as what is positioned at a given level on the earth surface; or where is the exact element located? At the same time, soils data across the entire watershed can be asked to determine the distribution of regions with hydric soils of huge than 100 acres and are linked to key river system (Pierce and David, 15). Geographic information system (GIS) is becoming the dais of choice for mixing and analyzing enormous range of data in the field of agriculture due to the ability to analyze those data flow and display

Two Companies in Economic Downturn Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Two Companies in Economic Downturn - Essay Example For about four years General Motors have been losing in the market but Harley Davis has been gaining. Ultimately GM has failed after a loss of about $82 billion in 2008 and Harley is still survived with a net gain of $3.6 billion. Both are in the automobile manufacturing business and based in USA.( Branding Strategy August 09) Harley too has faced the slowdown recently in the period of recession but it did not close down. GM is multi-brands company and Harley has a single core product. It competes with brands like Honda, BMW. GM also competes with these brands in the market. The main difference behind the Harley’s success is that the company has built a strong brand image in the market focusing on its heavy duty motorcycles. GM on the opposite went on adding to its brands without focusing them on any single segment. GM had twelve brands in the market Buick, Chevrolet, GMC, Opel, Pontiac, Daewoo, Holden, Hummer, Saab, Saturn, Vauxhall, and Wuling. These vehicles were not free from problems. Customers were not happy about the performance of these vehicles. GM had put the focus on these brands in order to sell them and not at all on how to solve the problems. Customers remained dissatisfied and that eventually put GM into problem. This is case of ‘Supply power’ that Porter in his theory P orter’s 5 forces mentioned explaining how erosion of brand loyalty penalizes a big company.( Brand Position workshop) Harley always projected the brand HOG to prospective customers and explained what the brand stands for. HOG grabbed 46% of the Heavy-duty motorcycle market and entered the name among the world’s 50th most valuable brand. GM was nowhere in the list. In 2007 GM made about 7,450.000 vehicles and lost $4141 on every vehicle. GM never projected what their brands stand for except dreamy and vague captions such as â€Å"See the USA in your

ODS TS Forecast

ODS TS Forecast Abstract: Cloud computing share resources and then provide services to end users over host based demand services. Scheduling tasks based on different job allocation with different services is the complex representation in distributed cloud service environment. By satisfying clients requirements in distributing services to different assessment with different attributes. Traditionally propose Grouped Tasks Scheduling (GTS) to schedule distributed tasks based on different type of categories in selective data resource utilization. This approach distribute services based on user preference, task preference, amount of data shared, time of sharing and latency of data sharing into available services in distributed environment. GTS is only applicable to describe services to different clients present in distributed environment, if we increase number of attributes with dependent tasks based on classification of tasks in real time distributed data sharing. So in this paper, we propose to develop Optimized Data Sharing Task Scheduling (ODSTS) approach (algorithm) to serve services to different users based on available services with different attributes. It also provides work load assessment in data scheduling to registered users present in distributed environment. Our experimental results give efficient data services to registered users based on virtual machine placement services to manage low CPU processing time and memory utilizations in real time data sharing in distributed cloud storage environment. Index Terms: Distributed Environment, Virtual machine Placement algorithm, Multiplexing devices, Data Virtualization, Virtual Machine. I.INTRODUCTION In comparatively radical virtualization based by the number fogs, applications reveal the between the lines gear by ceaselessly in free-wheeling Virtual Machines (VMs). Each VM, as its late creation, is masterminded by the greater part of an unquestionable measure of preparing dark ink thing, (for solid delineation, CPU, memory and I/O). An answer coal and ice for accomplish economies from move inside a decide cloud is advantage provisioning, which submits assigning capital however VMs to am a standard with their workload. Every now and again, productive provisioning exists accomplish through two running: (1) rap on knuckle advantage provisioning. VMs exist obliged with compact known term too later participated in sacred marriage onto an attack of unremarkable servers. Figure 1: Virtual machine placement readings in cloud environment setup. As shown in above figure, virtual machine assessment to perform distributed services in latest data sharing operations. VM assessing raise the rough approximation of the differentiation of dark ink thing that behind exists dole out through a VM. Their objective from VM reflection exists through support that VM conveyed weight to tolerate up on exists close commonly their workload. Spell over-provisioning waste substantial fluid, under-provisioning corrupt civil argument execution too may get the most noticeably awful of it client. Typically, VM assess exist exchange wrong onto a VM-by-VM law of niggardliness, i.e., independently VM have a proposed mass mindful amid its workload arrange. Inside an explanatory scorn from a notable a particular VM build system, we champion an intersection VM provisioning worry into which unmistakable VMs are participated in blessed marriage and provisioned centered far and wide a book audit from their everything move require. Hypothetically, joint-VM pr ovisioning endeavor sane multiplexing in the midst of their establishment VM encourage standard, based on their vigilance with operations of VM in provisioning services in distributed environment. The unused dark ink thing of a could hear a stick drop utilized VM, slice back prior being figure out how to their behind co-set VMs at their arms use. Afterward, VM multiplexing possibly event fascinating charges practical contrast by the entire of individual-VM based provisioning. The secret weapon gathering accomplish through multiplexing exist authoritative by hanging by string VMs all their superiorly thickly confronting gear fluid lacking disavow request execution obligation. Spell this build their boss combine length, their on top of everything virtualization settled expenses join with arrangement compose from positive postal division from VMs is for the nearby yet no stogie part useless the power of the VM foot molded impressions craftsmanship an extra into their provisioned outski rt. Administer decide impel to a given level shape sorting out home office while organizations with data relevance exists being risen excessively fundamental embodiment duplicate in IT division. Based on virtual machine resource utilization, it achieves randomly generated resources like CPU, memory with extensible adapt representations in clients requests with their ability to use the resources on physical machine readings. Various operations present in single physical machine clients use their services with feasible operations present in distributed environment. Figure 2: Group scheduling task assessment in distributed environment with service availability based on attributes. A by odds and ends Analytical matters into Cloud preparing being provisioning conduct for distribute capital through leave in the shade customers. Distributed processing involves resource provisioning allocating stream evaluation to out sourced cloud. Based on reservation instance and on demand instance, in reservation instance requested services with realistic assertion in on demand instances with feasible reservation in out sourced data in distributed cloud environment. Inside On-intrigue settle their client can pick up however dark ink thing their need. Inside booking settle their income could being bolster past. Later their exceed providers could require the income once purchasers could utilize it. Inside on-intrigue survey exist exchange on the wrong track being pay-for separately use recommendation all the same inside booking status assess exist imprisoned through previous cost. With booking plan client could consider their sort out trade stream out an around less priceless ave rage than on-intrigue assertion Despite their case that commonly their booking go to a comprehension the exceed buyer could utilize the capital inside expressions and science a couple issues could occur by the entire of it. Single exist their underneath provisioning read into which their customer couldnt around gather their checked in punched in fluid everything being equivalent from instability too dispense advantage. Elective read with booking mentality exists amid provisioning from capital, to what put their hold advantage being more prominent than what beyond any doubt thing need. Later their advantage grasp custom exists from one end to the next utilize. Their aim being recovered too embodiment reaction from provisioning advantage which is their for all intents and purposes keen image to autonomous ascertains. To fulfill onto consummate pro, the expensively, sticker price, unmoving foretell and property up augur instability exist expected through habituate their tradeoffs encom passed by on-intrigue excessively oversubscribed installment. II. RELATED WORK The GTS calculation utilizes gathered undertakings display in enhanced cost-based calculation to apply Quality of Service (QOS) show in TS calculation and after that utilizations Min-Min calculation to timetable errands inside each gathering. The principle thought of GTS calculation is to separation all errands into classifications/classes in light of its properties. The traits of assignments are utilized as clarified in TS calculation. Every class will have assignments with comparable qualities. These classifications will be requested to plan in light of weights that are given to characteristics of assignments in TS calculation. For this situation the classes are subject to the planning, while assignments are most certainly not. The initially booked class will have assignments with high estimation of qualities/high need than different classes. At that point in the picked class the undertaking with least execution time will be planned first. The contribution of GTS calculation is number of autonomous assignments n and number of administrations m. Each assignment has four qualities: 1. TUserType (UT): demonstrates the sort of clients (class A, class B, whats more, class C). 2. TpriorExp(PT): demonstrates the normal planned need of assignments (dire, high, medium, and low need). 3. TL: characterizes the length or heap of assignments (typical, long). 4. LT: demonstrates the dormancy of errands. GTS calculation has five classes: 1. CUrgentUserTask: incorporates undertakings with client have a place with class An and expected booked need of undertaking is pressing. 2. CUrgentUser: incorporates undertakings with client having a place with class A. 3. CUrgentTask: incorporates undertakings with expected booked need of undertaking is critical. 4. CLongTask: incorporates long undertakings. 5. CNormalTask: incorporates every single residual assignment. Algorithm 1: Implementation procedure to do processing tasks in distributed environment. The order of priority of the five categories is CUrgentUser Task, CUrgentUser, CUrgentTask, CLongTask and CNormalTask; so if CUrgentUserTask category has tasks then these tasks should be scheduled first before tasks inside CUrgentUser category and so on. MCT matrix (Initialized minimum competition time) is the matrix that stores the estimation of expected completion time of all tasks on all services. MCT matrix has number of rows is equal to the number of tasks (n), number of columns is equal to the number of services (m) and MCT (i, j) is time that service j needs to execute task i. MCT matrix is initialized with random numbers, but should be taken into consideration whether the type of task is long or normal. Because if the task is long, the range of random time in MCT matrix MCT (i, j) needs to be higher than the range of time is if the task is normal. The mapping list matrix is a matrix that saves the number of tasks, the number of assigned services to these tasks and execution time that the services need to execute these tasks. Mapping list matrix is considered the output of the algorithm. It is used to calculate performance metrics that are needed to evaluate the algorithm. III. BACKGROUND WORK Joint-VM provisioning procedure creates from an additional tangible premonition onto their VM advantage push inside ardent server holding. It exists capable full that their applications encased through VMs and by its own inclination the VMs themselves let feline out of pack time shifting resource achievement cases commonly impacts from charge periods, intermixed commonly low-utilize locale. Furthermore, our guess on a broad workmanship an assistant from VMs shows that heap VMs, at some future timetually in the related server flat, uncover achievement cases by the entire of contradictory, unaligned assignments from these peaks excessively valleys. In this approach, in the meantime an oblige coordinator that works wherever single based VM resource with operations in services in resource utilization, a joint-VM philosophy can possibly devour their multiplexing midway their advantage cases from heap VMs to climb on the planet an amassed charge measure particularly simply dump by their gathering peak direct. To consider their potential move save stores with multiplexing in VM encourage masterminding to undertaking gat to one feet, we shake the before examination to a huge dataset assembled from an attack of occupation server ranches. Figure 3: Task based scheduling to optimize the services based on user availability. The data resource utilization 16854 VMs that go ahead on 1425 under the sun has, directed being a few exchange union encouraging managers excessively used through more figure customers. Their data consolidates outlines from every one client use all the resources in CPU memory utilization based on satisfactory resources. All the retribution in without any end in sight stays of this what one is into is engaged far and wide this dataset. For each of a notable has, welcome the stallion and surrey day outline, we measure up to the any of VM oblige needs mid using the walk to an alternate drummer and the unified provisioning. In both CPU and memory inspires with reasonable resource utilization. In resource utilization cloud providers provide service into virtual machine placement operations in joint VM based utilization in distributed resource provisioning, it contain 3 modules. These three modules include: (1) Maintain constrained resource utilization (2) Maintain Joint -VM resources with multiplexing in reliable operations; and (3) a virtual machine individual full goal and reason estimation that perceives all over however the yelling VM solidifications for over combined and provisioned. Underneath, we found in the mind eye how these three modules achieve sequential sharing in distributed computing. III. SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION In this section, we present to propose and develop scheduling task with different attribute selection in task allocation to different users. ODSTS projects model into resource provisioning based on joint VM into presented client operations in total response utilization. Influenced by this past field, we laid it at stake the ODSTS standpoint in this free of cost which achieves untold changes. At first, the read is summed up confronting the various numerous a moon specifying. Second, the extraordinary strategies to justify the demeanor of enlisting resource provisioning are considered. At inhale, the death penalty appraisal is come to on the wrong track to carry on various coherent circumstances. Figure 4: Proposed approach cloud resource provisioning based on client requests with service availability. An exceed provider gave a pink slip attempt the supporter two provisioning plans, i.e., national timberland as well as on-intrigue game plans. For masterminding, the overshadowing delegate considers the reservation go to an understanding as medium-to look for pot of gold pull organizing, for the state must be subscribed in the past of originate before and the course of action gave a pink slip out and to operations in resource provisioning service utilization in operations. Curiously, the examiner considers the on-intrigue settle as quickly term orchestrating, being the on-intrigue game plan can be gotten regardless of when for passing augur of time (e.g., an outstanding week) when different tasks running at a time different server provisioning in distributed environment. IV. EXPERIMENTAL EVALATION In this share, the stochastic programming by the entire from multistage bill of concoct a tempest is appeared as the widely appealing dialect of the ODSTS figuring. To am a local off by the any of, the as an issue of decision embodiment of stochastic entire number programming request of the day while decided. At that answer, their definition is slope the Deterministic Equivalent Definition (DED) which gave a pink slip be grasped by legitimate progression solver programming. ODSTS Integer Implementing System to Resource Provisioning: General idea behind stochastic entire number long column to cultivator of the ODSTS figuring. The goal a route with (5) is to cut the overshadowing clients everybody resource provisioning as for organizations. Decision variable xr (ij) k approach with registered resource provisioning operations in services progression with all the reference sources . Figuratively speaking, this postal district suggests as the average total of spared advantage. In this manner, the originate before to win the span of it of the ODSTS fore cast can being reduced. The mentality of the ODSTS estimation by handling integer programming application framework analysis in real time data out sourcing in distributed cloud resource provisioning. Two stages frame work organized as provisioning stage, processing stage in resource utilization with well operations in distributed computing. Figure 5: Experimental evaluation w.r.t internal, external services based on multiplexing operations in resource provisioning. We grasp that the diminish specialist is finish up an expert for provisioning fluid as the wrap up of year. Under an excessively high price and riches shakiness, their obscuration pro plays out the general public reservation of fluid in the enthusiastically organize for used as a sort of thing of the accompanying flawless year which is the breath arrange. Figure 6: Define task latency with respect resource utilization based on service availability. Based on service availability of data with data sharing procedure with reservation and on-demand instances to visualize following analysis shown in figure 6. Figure 6 shows the application procedure to produce tasks in real time data storage in service availability with latency in number of tasks scheduling in real time distributed environment to manage equivalent group tasks with different attributes. However reservation instance for long term relational assurance in data sharing between virtualization in resource provisioning. Right now organize the figure and wealth are viewed. At that am a matter of, the level of spared fluid are used and a few on top of everything connect of fluid boot be provisioned in an on-intrigue outline. Likewise, additional fluid gave a pink slip be provisioned by getting on-intrigue courses of action if the held resources cant make out the dependable request. By analyzing above considerations effectively in real time data sharing between client using via virtual machine placement operations in real time cloud data sharing with scalability to implemented cloud applications effectively. V. SUMMERY In this paper we propose and develop (ODSTS) fore cast however acquirement fluid offered being various leave in the shade providers. The individual to admire game plan got from ODSTS is gotten by outline and comprehending stochastic finish number programming by the entire of multistage reaction. We have beside introduced Benders disintegrate strategy to cut an ODSTS am a wellspring of into swap issues which gave a pink slip being clarified parallel. In addition, we have associated the SAA act for taking endowment of the ODSTS express by the majority of a far reaching apply of circumstances. The SAA technique cut back satisfactorily being normal exemplification plan at some future timetually the convey estimate from colossally enormous. Their death penalty evaluation from their ODSTS standpoint has been performed through numerical reviews excessively proliferations. From their signs, their estimation gave a pink slip preferably accommodate the tradeoff between protect of dark ink thin g and fate of on-intrigue benefits. Their ODSTS estimation boot being used being advantage provisioning apparatus from their creating detached figuring mother and pop store in which the direct opposite can firmly save the provisioning time with less resources. REFERENCES [1] Hend Gamal El Din Hassan Ali *, Imane Aly Saroit, Amira Mohamed Kotb, Grouped tasks scheduling algorithm based on QoS in cloud computing network, Egyptian Informatics Journal (2016) xxx, xxx-xxx. [2] Wu Xiaonian, Deng Mengqing, Zhang Runlian, Zeng Bing, Zhou Shengyuan. A task scheduling algorithm based on QOS-driven in cloud computing. In: International conference on information technology and quantitative management, China. [3] Liu Gang, Li Jing, Xu Jianchao. In: Proceedings of the 2012 international conference of modern computer science and applications, Zhenyu Du; 2013. p. 47-52. [4] Selvarani S, Sudha Sadhasivam G. Improved cost-based algorithm for task scheduling in cloud computing. In: International conference. IEEE; 2010. [5] Abdullah Monir, Othman Mohamed. Cost-based multi-QOS job scheduling using divisible load theory in cloud computing. In: International conference on computational science. ICCS; 2013. [6] Quarati Alfonso, Clematis Andrea, Galizia Antonella, DAgostino Daniele. Hybrid clouds brokering: business opportunities, QoS and energy-saving issues. J Simul Model Pract Theory 2013;39 ():121-34. [7] Chen Tao, Bahsoon Rami, Theodoropoulos Georgios. Dynamic QOS optimization architecture for cloud-based DDDAS. Int J Comput Algorithm 2013;02(June). [8] Bittencourt Luiz Fernando, Madeira Edmundo Roberto Mauro. HCOC: a cost optimization algorithm for workflow scheduling in hybrid clouds. J Internet Serv Appl 2011. [9] Ravichandran S, Naganathan ER. Dynamic scheduling of data using genetic algorithm in cloud computing. Int J Ad v Engg Tech 2013;5(2):327-34. [10] Sivadon Chaisiri, Bu-Sung Lee, Optimization of Resource Provisioning Cost in Cloud Computing, IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SERVICES COMPUTING, VOL. 5, NO. 2, APRIL-JUNE 2012. [10] Y. Jie, Q. Jie, and L. Ying, A Profile-Based Approach to Just-in- Time Scalability for Cloud Applications, Proc. IEEE Intl Conf. Cloud Computing (CLOUD 09), 2009. [11] Y. Kee and C. Kesselman, Grid Resource Abstraction, Virtualization, and Provisioning for Time-Target Applications, Proc. IEEE Intl Symp. Cluster Computing and the Grid, 2008. [12] A. Filali, A.S. Hafid, and M. Gendreau, Adaptive Resources Provisioning for Grid Applications and Services, Proc. IEEE Intl Conf. Comm., 2008. [13] D. Kusic and N. Kandasamy, Risk-Aware Limited Lookahead Control for Dynamic Resource Provisioning in Enterprise Computing Systems, Proc. IEEE Intl Conf. Autonomic Computing, 2006. [14] K. Miyashita, K. Masuda, and F. Higashitani, Coordinating Service Allocation through Flexible Reservation, IEEE Trans. Services Computing, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 117-128, Apr.-June 2008. [15] J. Chen, G. Soundararajan, and C. Amza, Autonomic Provisioning of Backend Databases in Dynamic Content Web Servers, Proc. IEEE Intl Conf. Autonomic Computing, 2006. [16] L. Grit, D. Irwin, A. Yumerefendi, and J. Chase, Virtual Machine Hosting for Networked Clusters: Building the Foundations for Autonomic Orchestration, Proc. IEEE Intl Workshop Virtualization Technology in Distributed Computing, 2006. [17] H.N. Van, F.D. Tran, and J.-M. Menaud, SLA-Aware Virtual Resource Management for Cloud Infrastructures, Proc. IEEE Ninth Intl Conf. Computer and Information Technology, 2009. [18] M. Cardosa, M.R. Korupolu, and A. Singh, Shares and Utilities Based Power Consolidation in Virtualized Server Environments, Proc. IFIP/IEEE 11th Intl Conf. Symp. Integrated Network Management (IM 09), 2009.

Franklin D. Roosevelt: An Influential Leader Essay -- History Roosevel

Franklin D. Roosevelt: An Influential Leader Franklin Delano Roosevelt (FDR) was a man of unusual charm and great optimism, which he was able to communicate to others. He had a broad smile and was a charismatic optimist whose confidence helped sustain the nation through its darkest moments during crisis like the Great Depression and World War II. He became one of the most beloved of U.S. presidents for four terms in office. But beneath his outward friendliness was an inner reserve and an iron will. His admirers emphasized the way in which he met the nation's problems. They praised him for insisting that the federal government must help the underprivileged and that the United States must share in the responsibility for preserving world peace. Franklin Roosevelt made a profound and very important impact upon his times and his policies exerted great influence on the future (Freidel). Assuming the Presidency in 1932, at the depth of the Great Depression, Roosevelt helped the American people regain faith in themselves. He brought hope to the people when he promised prompt, vigorous action, and asserted in his Inaugural Address, "the only thing we have to fear is fear itself" (The White House). FDR’s first one hundred days in office were known as "The Hundred Days" (The Great Depression). The main drive of Roosevelt's administration was toward a balance of economic interests. He believed that he should represent all the people--farmers, laborers, and white-collar workers as well as businessmen (The Great Depression). With this in mind, he presented a wide variety of legislation to Congress, which brought relief to the needy and helped improve the economy. This legislation gave authorization to a sweeping program that was designed to bring reform, recovery to business and agriculture, relief to the unemployed and to those in danger of losing farms or homes. "T he Hundred Days" set a new standard for Presidents and members of Congress that followed Roosevelt (The Great Depression). The first order of business for FDR tackled was the banking crisis. Since the start of the Depression, Americans had lost their life’s savings. Roosevelt recognized that if he kept the banks open, panicked depositors would withdraw their money and more banks would fail. FDR declared a â€Å"bank holiday† during which time a hastily prepared emergency banking bill gave the Secretary o... ...pe it needed to revive itself by delivering prompt and vigorous action. Roosevelt held office during two of the greatest crises ever faced by the United States: the Great Depression of the 1930s, followed by World War II. His domestic program, known as the New Deal, introduced far-reaching reforms within the free enterprise system and gave people a new perspective on government. FDR rallied the country after the near disaster of Pearl Harbor, mobilizing over ten million troops. His military and diplomatic skill as the Commander in Chief during World War II, won him an award in the hearts of many Americans. Both in peacetime and in war, his impact on the office of president was enormous, making him one of the most influential leaders in US history. Works Cited American Experience: The Presidents. September 7, 2004, Boorstin, D. J., Kelley, B.M., and Boorstein, R. F., A History of the United States. Boston: Pearson Custom Publishing, 2003. 624, 659-60. Freidel, Frank. †Franklin Delano Roosevelt and the New Deal.† The New Book of Knowledge. 2004 ed. September 7, 2004, The Great Depression: FDR and the Depression. September 7, 2004, The White House. September 7, 2004,

Online Shopping vs Traditional Shopping Essay

Shopping always has been associated with long, dragging lines, parking issues, and the hassle of driving around from store to store until we finally find what we need; but not anymore. Online shopping has given people the freedom to shop at home wearing only their pajamas and still get what they want. Although this might seem like the answer to prayers of many people, online shopping has its flaws as does traditional shopping. To facilitate this decision we have to see if online shopping can measure up to the purchasing power of traditional shopping. To do this we need to weigh both methods to see how they compare to one another. Online and traditional shopping offer choices to shoppers; knowing the risks and benefits of both alternatives is necessary for them to make a smart decision. Online Shopping: When it comes to online shopping the idea of shopping in the comfort of your own home is very appealing to most people. You also have the choice of browsing different sites to find what you need instead of wasting gas and time driving around different stores. Also, many people dread standing in long lines especially during the holiday season. Online shopping offers a retreat from these situations. Another good thing about online shopping is that things are easy to find online. You just type whatever it is your looking for on a search engine and you will get many suggestions of sites on the item. And perhaps the best feature of all is the price reduction offered by the online option. The reason for this is because taxes seem to be lower or nonexistent on some products in some states when shopping online. Online shopping also prevents consumers from walking around with a big wad of money that can be easily lost or stolen. The flaws of online shopping usually come between the reliability of the websites, the risk of identity theft, and the risk of credit card fraud committed by computer hackers. There is also a risk of running into a website that can infect your computer with various kinds of viruses. Reading online reviews about certain websites can sometimes help in this matter. Quality is sometimes an issue with online shopping because you don’t physically see or try out the product before you make the purchase. That is  a huge turn off for most people because research has shown that motor skills are very important when it comes to activities such as shopping and people just plain and simple want to see and test out what they are purchasing. For example, ladies want to test out the new perfumes but cannot do that through the computer. Sometimes there are certain items people like to try out and physically see what it looks like on them, but obviously they can’t do that online. Another disadvantage to online shopping is the fact that you have to wait to receive your item. So, if you are in a rush then you are out of luck. This probably means that grocery shopping online is not a good idea. Method of payment is another risk by itself. Usually credit cards are the preferred method but sometime you can use PayPal. But, it is risky to use credit cards online because you don’t know who is looking at your information. With that being said, it is probably a good idea to make sure you are using a good anti-virus program before going on a shopping spree online. Traditional Shopping: In traditional shopping you simply get in your car, drive to your favorite store (possibly with a friend with you) and buy what you want. It is an opportunity to socialize as well as having the excitement of being in a store with millions of products which you can see and try before you purchase. This method allows you to get the item right now without having to worry about the product being lost in the mail. Also, if you don’t like something or if something doesn’t fit you can just simply take it back to the store and get a refund or your money back instantly rather than waiting for the postal service. Conventional shopping has a certain vibe or electricity to it which is hard to experience from a computer. Traditional shopping sounds great; however it does have its issues. Some of the problems with traditional shopping include gas money spent driving around to different stores looking for what you want. Sometimes what we are looking for might be available in a store in a different state. And that makes it pretty impractical to obtain that item which leaves us to basically wait until it comes to our favorite store. Also, trying to find parking at big department stores and malls can be very troublesome. Some  people simply forget where they parked. Some people accidently lock the car keys in the car, or sometimes we have to deal with traffic jams that cause unnecessary stress. It is just the overall consumption of time and energy that most people find difficult. You will also experience a phenomenon known as shopping rage which is more common during the holidays. People get tired and frustrated during the holidays and let their frustration out on other people when shopping. It is very uncomfortable in those situations especially if you have your kids w ith you at the store while shopping. This is something you won’t have to deal with when you are safe at home on your computer. The online shopping industry is growing more and more and there is good reason to believe that this growth will continue. One major factor to this prediction is that people are in fact saving money online because of the vast availability of items and because of the competition this creates among online stores. Despite its advantages, online shopping is still a relatively new concept for most people and because of this online shopping will fall behind the traditional shopping market, at least for now. It is a personal preference when it comes to choosing the two different shopping methods. Just like anything else they have their pros and they have their cons. Just remember to shop the way you feel comfortable and you will automatically become a smart and knowledgeable shopper. Happy shopping!!!

Disconnected Essays

Disconnected Essays Disconnected Essay Disconnected Essay She spends a large portion of the essay speaking from firsthand experience about how technology is made appealing to us through use of advertisement and other techniques, and then quotes statistics, but falls to show how these statistics assist her argument. She paints technological advances are something to be feared, and that the machines are slowly taking over from the Inside. She repeatedly makes the point that technology Isnt something we actually want but that we have been brainwashed by media and advertising. She paints the telecommunications industry as sinister overlords plotting to control you through genealogy. She repeats her description of their advertising techniques bombarding us with flashy colors and images ad nauseas. One of the weakest points of her essay when looked at is an anecdote of her friend and his experiences with technology. Her friend Randy apparently used his cell phone a ludicrous amount, as she claims near constantly. She claims that his cell phone caused him great amounts of stress while failing to state that this stress is caused by the information conveyed through the cell phone rather than by the cell phone Itself. She also speaks on how the cell phone caused him to become distanced from his family, which then somehow caused him to use his cell phone more. Although I agree that sometimes cell phones are overused, she attempts to paint them as if they were the root of all evil. Her entire argument is built on the premise that using a cell phone detracts from your meaningful communication, which she claims is only when speaking face to face. You can practically see her hiding in her closet because the machines are rising up against us. The entire essay seems to be off topic, although her main point appears to be that ell phones are not beneficial to our social health, she spends the bulk of the paper speaking about advertising. She talks about why we dont need cell phones and how the companies create our need through advertising. She talks infinitely of how everything In society Is becoming faster but this isnt helping us as people, but rather degrading our ability to connect with other human beings. One of her arguments Is as follows: Even though we can connect with the world at faster rates, our whole sense of time gets warped. We get mesmerisms by the speed and actually end up with less time. Not only does this make no sense whomsoever, seen also Talls to support It at all, Ana Immediately continues on to TA once again about the infamous marketing strategies used by the big evil telecommunication companies. Perhaps her best citation in the entire paper is her quote from Arson Wells War of the Worlds. When your best support for a factual claim is a science fiction authors radio broadcast from 60 years ago, its probably time to abandon your argument. Even after this quotation, she paraphrases it in a way that distorts its meaning and in al reality has nothing to do with what Arson Wells was writing about. The argument that is truly the lowest point in the essay is cut directly out of the story of The Matrix. Technologically advanced communication devices are the guiding force leading us into our own virtual worlds. She uses this to assert that we are relying so heavily on our technology that eventually we will shun human contact altogether. She even expresses fear over the prospect of more technology that aids in communication. She does make the concession that technology can be beneficial, but the entire one of the essay seems to be that it was best about 10 years ago when the technology was available but before it was advanced enough to be a convenient part of modern day lives. One of the central points of her argument, that humans need physical contact with other humans isnt even proven to be a fact. Overall, the essay is entirely too long for what its actually trying to get across. The primary argument is poorly supported and much of the support is redundant and not factual. In the end, Lynda Smith fails to prove that technology is doing anything to us at all.

Ruth Benedict essays

Ruth Benedict essays The explorations into the enculturation of human beings and its numerous variations have molded the groundwork of anthropology. A field so entrenched in the comparative study of human societies and cultures, anthropology has facilitated the understanding of how humans have adapted to their environments and themselves. When comparing an advanced institutionalized culture to an isolated primitive one, key similarities and differences can de delineated. What is deemed morally right and deserving of exaltation can conversely be seen as an abomination in another culture. Moreover, inherent to human culture are ethical categories of normalcy (societal acceptance) or abnormality (social deviance). Ethics, the grounds for moral validity, are culturally relative to ones society of enculturation. By studying the similarities and differences amongst cultures, Ruth Benedict, anthropologist and author of Anthropology and the Abnormal, illustrates how morality is culturally distinguished. Additionally, Benedict asserts that normality is culturally defined, or what is considered normal is different in varying societies. The varying definitions of normality and abnormality can be seen in the phenomena of trance, homosexuality, and catalepsy. In India, the extreme psychic manifestations of trance and catalepsy are both regarded not only normal but is sanctified. However, in many modern cultures, this trait is seen as a deviation of the norm and is not valued. Homosexuality, in the contemporary society, is seen by many as abnormal but amongst Native American tribes, men who took on the characteristics and behavior of the female gender were held high on the ethical plane. The institution of the berdache, the men-women served as a tribes leader in womens occupations, good healers , and as genial organizers of social affairs. From a specific human behavior to a mode of thinking can be an abnormality where an indivi...

Kiva as a Non-Profit Organization Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Kiva as a Non-Profit Organization - Assignment Example Another reason for Kiva’s success is the popularity of micro-financing for small investors and this financing motivates them to start their own business, and then pay back the amount. The internet has benefited the company as there are no entry barriers and this is because the company has been able to reach globally. The method of the transaction is easy and fast which is another advantage for the company. Many international celebrities are also responsible for the success of Kiva as they regularly support the cause of the company by participating in different events organized by Kiva (Zenker). The reason why Kiva is different from other organizations is that it employs different strategies that ensure the repayment of loans taken by people from different countries. The company has made different field partners who are directly responsible for providing and collecting loans for the company (Anderson and Ramirez). These partners are either small firms or individuals working in different countries for making operations of Kiva unique from others. The product philosophy of Kiva also makes the company different from other organizations as lending is perceived as a method of communicating with other people (Anderson and Ramirez). The company believes that lending is related to the exchange of information, and it creates a strong binding and communication between the people involved in this trade. The focus of Kiva is not on profit, and this is because it is different from other lending organizations. The company believes in making business relationship with people rather than b enefactor association and unlike other non-profit organizations that are appealed by people’s compassion, Kiva is attracted towards them because of its interest in businesses (Anderson and Ramirez). The Kiva model can work for larger loans if the company is able to make a strong chain of field partners in countries where  heavy loans are provided to large firms or organizations.

Constitutionality of the Affordable Care Act Essay

Constitutionality of the Affordable Care Act - Essay Example Constitutionality of the Affordable Care Act The U.S. Supreme Court has declared the constitutionality of the act except for a few passages that it declared to be â€Å"taxes† more than anything else. So my question is â€Å"If there is a questionable passage in the Affordable Care Act, how can it be declared constitutional and fair to those concerned? The president declared that he would not tax the middle class Americans and yet one of the penalties indicated within Obamacare for those who fail to comply is referenced as a tax. How was it possible for Congress to mandate a new tax within a new health care policy? †. This is a question that I feel needs to be answered since Obamacare, as it has to be popularly known, affects everyone living in the United States regardless of citizenship and residency status. To begin with, the Affordable Care Act has had shady beginnings and a rocky start as a campaign promise of then candidate Obama to the American people. By promising to provide the people with a comprehensive health care plan that will cover every single person living in this country, he needed to come up with a plan that could actually work for all concerned. His people in Congress out together the Affordable Care Act under his guidance and direction as a fulfillment of that promise. The problem is that the Affordable Care Act has come under close scrutiny and legal challenges from most political and private parties who view the act as a form of dictatorship on the American people. ... With the legal challenges posed before the Affordable Care Act among the various states in the country, and the state declarations that they would not enact such a government empowering law upon the citizens of their state, the question was then brought before the Supreme Court whose judicial representatives decided that the landmark March 2010 law had a majority of provisions that could be considered as legal and was therefore constitutional in form and content. According to the U.S. Department of Justice (2012) the Affordable Care Act is a , â€Å"... comprehensive health care reform law makes health insurance affordable for millions of Americans and protects them against potentially catastrophic medical expenses.† By definition, the Affordable Care Act sounds like it will finally clear up the problem of health care coverage for most Americans since the law will force insurance companies to cover the illnesses of their policy holders and their family alike without the safety net of being able to refuse coverage for certain illnesses during certain situations, those who oppose the law say that this particular vision of the government pertaining to healthcare coverage will not work because the provision will force the insurance companies to eventually shut down as they try to cover all pre-existing conditions and current conditions of their policy holders regardless of company guidelines. However, everyone has a bone to pick with the fact that the Affordable Care Act has a clear provision that dictates upon every American citizen to purchase health insurance or pay a penalty for not having any coverage. Those who oppose the law claim that this is a direct violation of the

Project Management Issue Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Project Management Issue Report - Essay Example As the report declares SRP is related to the rightful promotion of human rights in companies. These rights include – child labor, union management, health and safety of employees, compensation concerns and employee exploitation. It is expected that companies follow a SRP programme maintain a strict and realistic approach to human rights standards. This paper stresses that SRP clearly enlists the need for elimination all types of employee discrimination at the work place. Any kind of unfair treatment needs to be strictly controlled and equal opportunity standards should be maintained. Quality employment techniques and practice cultures offered by the management reveals a strong dedication to socially responsible procurement programs. SRP promotes the necessary condition on companies and organizations to behave responsibly and in shared favor of the society. An effective corporate governance structure smooths the process of fair trading, transparency in company and shareholders laws, observance with appropriate laws and regulations. SRP promotes the initiatives by companies to enhance the variety of suppliers. This pertains to giving contracts to less privileged, underrepresented groups, women owned small and medium scale businesses and services, retired, disabled and minority communities. This in turn assist in creating jobs fo r this underprivileged section of the society and subsequently create a uniform levels of living standards to some extent in the society.

Spanish Piece on Youth Fashion Essay Example for Free

Spanish Piece on Youth Fashion Essay The twentieth century is known as the century of the technological age, the technology is present in the lives of the people who live in this century, devices such as computers, cell phones, digital cameras or terms as the Internet and social networks are very common and great importance in our lives. But the fashion is very important for people of twentieth century, the fashion became associated and changing according to different urban tribes. Membership of these groups is evident in the ideology, music, lifestyle and appearance. The use of certain brands of clothing, the use of certain items or colors, distinctive shape of the hair, makeup identifies the various tribes. Well were going to talk about urban tribes. The Emo, dye their hair red, gold or purple piers, wear their hair very smooth to cover one eye or the entire face. Their clothes leans towards dark colors, preferably black. The shirts are usually of smaller size than normal and varied impressions. The black eyeliner and lip piercings are also characteristic features. The use Floggers locks and long hairstyles with bangs that will cover their half of the face, and women makeup with strong colors. The look is completed with slim fit jeans, low cut shirts and jackets, all brightly colored sneakers, hats, crowns, and large sunglasses. The Darks are young people who dress in black, often wear clothes of aristocratic style of times past. They wear crucifixes, rings and pendants concerning bats, skulls and spiders. Makeup their face to look paler and painted her lips and nails black. The punk is not a recent trend. His hair is shaped like a pointy ridge and dyed in bright colors like red and purple, use a little torn jeans and jackets or leather Jean pointy and shiny accessories called taches. They paint their nails dark colors. The rappers and canis use soccer teams hats. Use shoes, prefer to use the tabs unleashed and out. They wear sweatpants, usually are broad, like t-shirts or sweatshirts. The Otakus like to dress like a character in the cartoons, especially the eastern anime.

Use of Servant Leadership in Teaching Disadvantaged Children Essay

The achievement gap in education is the civil rights issue of our time. The achievement gap, which is derived from the standardized test scores of students, is typically representative of the statistically significant dichotomy between racial minorities (specifically, African-Americans and Hispanics) on the lower end of test scores, and whites on the higher end of test scores (edweek, 2004; NAEP, 2014). A similar divergence is thought to exist as a construct of socioeconomic status – that is, children of a lower socioeconomic status perform worse than individuals of a higher socioeconomic status (edweek, 2004). In order to understand why the achievement gap exists, Sylvia Briscoe conducted a research project to analyze children in disadvantaged neighborhoods (2015). She determined that one of the contributing factors that leads to a failed education, crime, unemployment, drug addiction, and alcohol abuse is the fact that children who live in disadvantaged neighborhoods are lacking in social capital (Briscoe, 2015). Social capital is defined as â€Å"an accumulation of social interactio...

Production Of Olive Oil Essay -- Foods Process Essays

Production Of Olive Oil INTRODUCTION Olive oil is a pale yellow to greenish oil extracted from the fruit of the European olive tree (Olea europaea L.), which originated in the Mediterranean area. The olive is originally native to the eastern Mediterranean region but the cultivated form is now grown throughout that area and in other parts of the world with Mediterranean-type climates. It hardens at refrigerator temperatures - around 10 degrees F. Today a market certainly exists for olive oil, since the U.S. imports about 35 million gallons each year. Interest in the health aspects of olive oil is expanding and increasing demand each year. Demand has increased over 20% each year for the last 5 years. California produces about 300,000 gallons of oil each year about half of that is sold each year as the gourmet treat classified as extra-virgin and sold from $10 to $40 per half-liter. Among global producers, Spain leads with more than 40% of world production, followed by Italy and Greece. Much of the Spanish crop is exported to Italy, where it is both consumed and repackaged for sale abroad as Italian olive oil. Different Grades Of Olive Oil Extra-virgin olive oil comes from the first pressing of the olives, contains no more than 0.8% acidity, and is judged to have a superior taste. There can be no refined oil in extra-virgin olive oil. Virgin olive oil with an acidity less than 2%, and judged to have a good taste. There can be no refined oil in virgin olive oil. Olive oil is a blend of virgin oil and refined virgin oil, containing at most 1% acidity. It commonly lacks a strong flavor. Olive-pomace oil is a blend of refined olive-pomace oil and possibly some virgin oil. It is fit for consumption, but it may not be c... ...etting a person or place apart for special work It is used in the ordination of priests and bishops, in the consecration of altars and churches, and, traditionally, in the anointing of monarchs at their coronation. To this day, Eastern Orthodox Christians use oil lamps in their churches and home prayer corners. BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. http://www .wikipedia.org 2. http://www.olivetree.eat- online.net/frameoliveoil.htm 3. http://www.oliflix.com/eng/enviroment.htm 4. http://www.oliveoilsource.com/olive_recipes_.htm 5. Microsoft ® Encarta ® Encyclopedia 2002.  © 1993-2001 Microsoft Corporation. 6. Tous, J. and L. Ferguson. 1996. Mediterranean fruits, Progress in new crops. In: J. Janick (ed.), ASHS Press, Arlington, VA. p. 416-430 7. www.sfc.ucdavis.edu/research/olive.html 8. www.ucm.es/info/improliv/allgem.htm 9. http://www.encyclopedia.com/html/o1/oliveoil.asp

Why magnesium is used in Grignard reactions?

Grignard Reagents were discovered by Victor Grignard in 1900. They are classically formed by reacting magnesium turnings with alkyl halide in ether or THF solvents, to form solutions of alkylmagnesium halide. The atmosphere must be moisture –free and inert and magnesium must be of high purity.  Magnesium is usually covered with a coating of magnesium oxide, so an activation agent like Iodine or Dibromoethane is added. They can also be formed from by when an organolithium compound reacts with a magnesium halide In organic chemistry C-C bond is one of the most important bonds. To make these C-C bonds organometallics such as organolithiums, Grignard reagents and carbonyl compounds are used. Grignard reagents are our first source of carbanions (anions of carbon). The polarity of a covalent bond between two different elements is determined by electronegativity. The more electronegative an element is, the more it attracts the electron density in the bond. Hence, the greater the difference in electronegativity, the more polarized a bond becomes. In the extreme case of complete polarization, the covalent bond ceases to exit and is replaced by electrostatic attractions between ions of opposite charge. The reactivity of the carbonyl groups is due to the polarization of the carbon-oxygen bond toward the more electronegative oxygen. For e.g. – Polarity inside a Formaldehyde molecule Thus organometallic reagents act as nucleophiles towards the electrophilic carbonyl group. In organolithium compounds and Grignard reagents, the key bond is polarized in the opposite direction, towards the carbon – making carbon a nucleophilic centre. This is true for most organometallics because, metals like Li, Na, K, Mg, ca, Al, Cu, Zn etc. all have lower electronegativity than carbon. Also, the alkali metals (Li, Na, K etc.) and the alkaline earth metals (Mg and Ca, together with Zn) are good reducing agents, the former being stronger than the latter.   Hence, these can be used to make organometallic reagents with carbon. The alkyl magnesium halides are called Grignard Reagents after the French chemist, Victor Grignard, who discovered them. The other metals mentioned above react in a similar manner, but the Li & Mg are the most widely used. Feature Article Relative Rates:  Free-Radical Bromination These reactions are substitution reactions, but they cannot be classified as nucleophilic substitutions, as in the reactions above. Because the functional carbon atom has been reduced, the polarity of the resulting functional group is inverted (the original electrophilic carbon becomes nucleophilic). This change, shown below, makes alkyl lithium and Grignard reagents unique and useful reactants in synthesis. Reactions of organolithium and Grignard reagents reflect the nucleophilic character of the functional carbon in these compounds. The nucleophilic carbon of these reagents also bonds readily with electrophiles such as iodine and carbon dioxide (fifth equation). The polarity of the carbon-oxygen double bonds of CO2 makes the carbon atom electrophilic, shown by the formula in the shaded box, so the nucleophilic carbon of the Grignard reagent bonds to this site. Carbon has in consequence an unshared electron pair. Such a carbon would be a very strong base, much stronger than needed to take an H+ from water to generate the weaker base OH-. A practical consequence of this is that Grignard reagents must be kept dry, away from even the slightest traces of moisture, lest they be destroyed by reaction with water. Works Cited Clayden, greeves, Warden and Wothers, â€Å"Organic Chemistry†, Oxford University press,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   2001, ISBN 0-19-850346-6 http://www.chemguide.co.uk/organicprops/haloalkanes/grignard.html

Free Essays on Huckleberry Finn

Title: The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Author: Samuel Clemens (Mark Twain) Author Works: The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, The Prince and the Pauper Mark Twain: Mark Twain is one of America’s best authors and the most famous. Mark twain was born in 1835 on November 30 in Florida, Missouri. Florida and Hannibal, Missouri is where he got his ideas for Huck Finn and Tom Sawyer. Twain was an avid traveler he went to many places in his time; all aver the world. To write he observed people doing there everyday lives. He got many awards from colleges universities and others; He died On April 21, 1910. Illustrator: none Setting: Some of the book is set in St. Petersburg, Missouri. But most of the book is set in and on the Mississippi River. The City is about 80 miles away from St. Louis. But The Book is in Eighteenth Century America. Characterization: Huck Finn: the main Character of the book, son of the town drunk. He is 12 yrs old. Clever and knows a lot about life. Jim: the run away slave of Miss Watson helps Huck gain freedom. Travels with him. Widow Douglas: Huck’s guardian who adopts him and wants to civilize him. Takes care of two other kids. Pap: Huck’s father when he comes back to town when he learns that his son has become rich. Tom Sawyer: a friend of Huck who is about the same age. Duke and Dauphin: two friends who go around tricking people and getting their money, they also join Huck and Jim on the raft. Plot: Huck and tom have earlier found a hidden treasure they are allowed to keep the treasure. His father comes back for his money and to take it all. He feels that it is rightfully his and tries to catch him many times. One day he waits for him catches him and they have a short fight. When Huck is locked in the cabin down river his father beats him. After a couple of months pass he runs away and His father thinks that he is dead because of the pig blood Huck left behind. Aft... Free Essays on Huckleberry Finn Free Essays on Huckleberry Finn Title: The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Author: Samuel Clemens (Mark Twain) Author Works: The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, The Prince and the Pauper Mark Twain: Mark Twain is one of America’s best authors and the most famous. Mark twain was born in 1835 on November 30 in Florida, Missouri. Florida and Hannibal, Missouri is where he got his ideas for Huck Finn and Tom Sawyer. Twain was an avid traveler he went to many places in his time; all aver the world. To write he observed people doing there everyday lives. He got many awards from colleges universities and others; He died On April 21, 1910. Illustrator: none Setting: Some of the book is set in St. Petersburg, Missouri. But most of the book is set in and on the Mississippi River. The City is about 80 miles away from St. Louis. But The Book is in Eighteenth Century America. Characterization: Huck Finn: the main Character of the book, son of the town drunk. He is 12 yrs old. Clever and knows a lot about life. Jim: the run away slave of Miss Watson helps Huck gain freedom. Travels with him. Widow Douglas: Huck’s guardian who adopts him and wants to civilize him. Takes care of two other kids. Pap: Huck’s father when he comes back to town when he learns that his son has become rich. Tom Sawyer: a friend of Huck who is about the same age. Duke and Dauphin: two friends who go around tricking people and getting their money, they also join Huck and Jim on the raft. Plot: Huck and tom have earlier found a hidden treasure they are allowed to keep the treasure. His father comes back for his money and to take it all. He feels that it is rightfully his and tries to catch him many times. One day he waits for him catches him and they have a short fight. When Huck is locked in the cabin down river his father beats him. After a couple of months pass he runs away and His father thinks that he is dead because of the pig blood Huck left behind. Aft...

Mental Workload Nursing, Air Traffic Management and IT

Mental Workload Nursing, Air Traffic Management and IT Introduction It has been acknowledged that people are subjected to different levels of mental workload (MWL) at their work places. Different jobs are associated with different tasks, responsibilities and social interactions. This, in its turn, leads to different levels of MWL (Leka Houdmont, 2010). In the first place, it is important to define the concept of MWL. Wickens (2008) notes that the concept characterizes â€Å"the demand imposed by tasks on the human’s limited mental resources, whether considered as single or multiple† (p. 452).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Mental Workload: Nursing, Air Traffic Management and IT specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Researchers try to evaluate the levels of MWL associated with different jobs, to increase effectiveness of employees and reduce anxiety, job dissatisfaction and address various negative effects (Sassaroli et al., 2008). To take a closer look at dif ferent factors influencing levels of MWL, it is possible to focus on particular jobs. The present paper dwells upon such areas as nursing, air traffic management and IT. Thus, it is possible to analyse such jobs as the nurse practitioner at geriatric nursing home, the en route air traffic controller and the IT professional. Different factors influencing MWL are examined for each job. The present paper also contains some recommendations concerning decreasing the level of MWL for one of the jobs. Factors Contributing to MWL Researchers single out various factors contributing to MWL. For instance, Rafnsdottir et al. (2004, p. 51) mention such factors as time pressure, dissatisfactory communication with colleagues, supervisors or clients, â€Å"dissatisfaction with the hierarchy at work† as well as violence and harassment at workplace. Rubio et al. (2004) focus on such factors as objective difficulty of tasks fulfilled and employees’ attitude towards their tasks. Metzger a nd Parasuraman (2005) also take into account such factor as employees’ self-confidence. As far as the jobs mentioned above are concerned, it is possible to define particular factors contributing to MWL. IT professionals may be exposed to several factors contributing to MWL. In the first place, tasks completed by IT professionals may be monotonous at times. Notably, monotonous work is regarded as one of the factors contributing to MWL as people get mentally tired (Leka Houdmont, 2010). IT professionals may also experience lack of communication and social interactions. Admittedly, social interactions provide employees with the necessary relaxation at workplace, distracting employees from their tasks and giving the necessary rest to their brains. As for the tasks themselves, the complexity of the task can also contribute to MWL. Thus, when an employee cannot cope with a task, he/she feels anxiety, stress and job dissatisfaction. As for the en route air traffic controllers, ther e are specific factors to examine. Loft et al. (2007) note that this job is associated with quite high level of MWL. The major factors contributing to MWL are time pressure, the necessity to make a lot of quick and correct decisions, interactions with others (pilots, controllers, etc.).Advertising Looking for report on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More En route air traffic controllers experience considerable level of MWL due to the objective complexity of their tasks. Nonetheless, people who have the necessary skills, knowledge and have the necessary experience do not feel job dissatisfaction or fatigue as they have the necessary tools to handle tasks. Finally, nurse practitioners at geriatric nurse homes have to cope with high levels of MWL. The major factors contributing to MWL are psychological, to great extent. Rafnsdottir et al. (2004) report that these employees often feel dissatisfaction as they feel they do not fully meet patients’ as well as managers’ expectations. Besides, nurse practitioners are exposed to anxiety patients feel, and to their sufferings. Nurse practitioners have to comfort people who have really serious, painful and often terminal diseases. It can be psychologically difficult to work in such conditions. Different Levels of MWL The jobs mentioned above have quite different levels of MWL due to peculiarities of the jobs. The three jobs presuppose different tasks, different levels of responsibility and different levels of communication. Thus, IT professionals work with machines and communicate with their colleagues (the majority of their time they spend communicating with other IT professionals). En route air traffic controllers have to handle much higher degree of responsibility. They are responsible for lives of many people. They also have to communicate with different professionals. En route air traffic controllers have to be very precise, orga nized and attentive. However, it is necessary to note that they still communicate with other people through machines, which creates certain alienation. Nurse practitioners have to communicate with many people (patients, other practitioners, managers, patients’ relatives) in person. These employees are exposed to really hard feelings. They have to see suffering of people. At that, nurse practitioners cannot always alleviate patients’ sufferings. These factors make this job really difficult. Among the three jobs, this job has the highest level of MWL. Recommendations One of the major factors that contribute to MWL is dissatisfaction because of inability to â€Å"harmonize the demands and expectations of patients/employees/supervisors† (Rafnsdottir et al., 2004, p. 51). It is possible to address this problem. Thus, it is possible to launch special training. This training will presuppose gaining professional knowledge and sharing experience. Apart from gaining new s kills and knowledge, nurse practitioners will be able to obtain self-confidence. They can obtain hope that all difficulties can be handled.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Mental Workload: Nursing, Air Traffic Management and IT specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Apart from this, it can be also helpful to launch team building and recreation activities for nurse practitioners. Barbecues, sport competitions, concerts, etc. can help nurse practitioners relax. These activities can involve nurse practitioners only, or these could be combined teams (nurse practitioners, patients, supervisors, relatives, etc.). Positive emotions will help employees handle various negative factors they are exposed to at work place. It is also important to make sure nurse practitioners can obtain the necessary psychological assistance when necessary. Finally, it can be effective to monitor nurse practitioners’ job satisfaction several t imes a year. This will help researchers learn more about factors contributing to MWL. It will also help them come up with possible steps to decrease the level of MWL in this field. More so, it can also help work out general steps to decrease levels of MWL at different workplaces. Conclusion On balance, it is possible to note that different jobs have different levels of mental workload. These differences are due to different levels of responsibility and peculiarities of each job. Admittedly, there are various factors contributing to MWL, e.g. monotonous work, overcomplicated tasks, time pressure, etc. However, jobs involving a lot of communication and social interactions have high levels of MWL. For instance, the profession of the nurse practitioner presupposes high levels of MWL as these employees have to see other people’s suffering, which is associated with significant psychological pressure. However, it is possible to decrease the level of MWL by launching specific trainin g courses, team building and recreation activities. It can be effective to provide psychological assistance to nurse practitioners. Reference List Leka, S., Houdmont, J. (2010). Occupational health psychology. Chichester, UK: John Wiley Sons. Loft, S., Sanderson, P., Neal, A., Mooij. (2007). Modeling and predicting mental workload in en route air traffic control: Critical review and broader implications. Human Factors, 49(3), 376-399.Advertising Looking for report on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Metzger, U., Parasuraman, R. (2005). Automation in future air traffic management: Effects of decision aid reliability on controller performance and mental workload. Human Factors, 47(1), 1-15. Rafnsdottir, G.L., Gunnarsdottir, H.K., Tomasson, K. (2004). Work organization, well-being and health in geriatric care. Work, 22, 49-55. Rubio, S., Diaz, E., Martin, J., Puente J.M. (2004). Evaluation of subjective mental workload: A comparison of SWAT, NASA-TLX, and workload profile methods. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 53(1), 61-86. Sassaroli, A., Zheng, F., Hirshfield, L.M., Girouard, A., Solovey, E.T., Jacob, R.J.K., Fantini, S. (2008). Discrimination of mental workload levels in human subjects with functional near-infrared spectroscopy. Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences, 1(2), 227-237. Wickens, C.D. (2008). Multiple resources and mental workload. Human Factors, 50(3), 449-455.