Essay on Gender Stereotype Gender in The Toy Store

Envision yourself entering a toy department and noticing numerous diverse aisles. In one aisle, you encounter toys packaged in complementary and color triads colors that include building sets (such as â€Å"LEGO†, â€Å"LEGO Super Heroes†, and â€Å"Angry Birds†) and a wide selection of action figures—Spider Man, Transformers, The Dark Knight, Power Rangers, etc. In the next aisle, adjacent to the aisle with complementary and color triads colors, you find toys packaged in shades of pink and purple. These toys range from â€Å"Hello Kitty† dolls to â€Å"Barbie Dream† house play sets. Inside a toy department, such as Toys R Us, it is extremely difficult to retrieve a toy that is not marketed explicitly or subtly by gender. If toys were marketed only according to†¦show more content†¦This brings light to what author Santrock discusses in the book as gender roles, which is â€Å"a set of expectations that prescribes how females and mal es should think, act, and feel† (p.163). In the world of toy marketing, choices are made with direction put in place for both genders (girl and boy). For example, as I walked down each toy aisle, I felt the gender conformity among the parents as they were with their children. With multiple aisles and two dominant colors (pink and purple) designated for girls, the message (in my perspective) marketed on the toy package yelled: â€Å"Your ambition is to be stylish, while a nurturing mother who partakes in domestic works!† In addition to the toy packages being in pink, the words (on the toy) were predominately frivolous and amusing. On the contrary, the boys’ aisle contained wide varieties of colors, although the color blue caught my eye the most. The boys’ toys entailed sports, building sets, as well as action figures. Conversely, the message in my perspective, marketed on the toy package screamed: â€Å"You have the power to do whatever you want; however, it is imperative that you build yourself physica lly, as well as train yourself in order to properly excel.† This type of act, referred to as the social role theory—â€Å"a gender difference that mainly results from the contrasting roles of females and males† (p.165),—gives a great cause of difference in gender regarding power, nurture, andShow MoreRelatedShould There Be Gender Specific Toy Aisles Lining The Rows?992 Words   |  4 PagesShould there be gender specific toy aisles lining the rows in stores? How much does this reassure the sociological idea of gender itself? Does putting restrictions on kids’ toy decisions effect them in a negative way? Research has shown that it is natural for kids to want to experiment with different toys and identities. Pushing kids into a box of what they can, or cannot play limits their true potential and imagination. Growing up, people can attest to the memory of them having gone to McDonald’sRead MoreGender Roles : Modern And Fast Passed1144 Words   |  5 Pagesas prehistoric as stereotypic gender roles? Starting with the caveman to the men and women of the Victorian period and even to now in the twenty-first century, society has imprinted its own idea of what a man and women should be and the what role each should hold in society. The idea of what is appropriate in behavior and how one should act are most likely attributed to what gender they are. In the eyes of society, all are seen with a stereotypic lends. From the toys children are given to play withRead MoreThe Differences Between Sex And Gender1027 Words   |  5 Pages A major question in social science is the difference between sex and gender. Contrary to popular belief, sex and gender are not the same. 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This means they learn which colorsRead MoreThe Role Of Gender And The Ability For One s Mind At Store And Remember Information1441 Words   |  6 PagesMemory is the faculty of the brain that stores information for later recall, it is the brain function that allows us as humans to learn and remember information. Brain function is prevalently influenced by gender in many aspects; contrasting performance between male and females in various memory tasks has been observed in numerous studies over time (Andreano Cahill 2009). Men forgetting important dates such as birthdays or an anniversary and women not remembering their way to a certain place orRead MoreGender Inequality And Its Impact On Children s Developmental Essay1396 Words   |  6 Pagesoverlook gender inequality because race inequality is prevalent and easily recognizable. Like racial inequality; gender inequality is also a real issue in America. Gender stereotypes are perpetuated throughout o ur lifetime beginning when we are children. Early on, children learn what is means to be a boy or girl from societal standards. Children begin to suffer from the boys versus girl’s mentality which is evident in the social behavior of children. Children’s stereotypical thinking about gender is manifestedRead MoreToys Are An Integral Part Of Our Childhood1671 Words   |  7 Pagesthem to conform to the assigned gender roles and stereotypes. This is mainly done in accordance to their choice of games and toys. Toys are an integral part of our childhood. In some ways, it is the one thing that people from all over the world share in common. As children, toys were a major source of our entertainment and social interaction. However, the booming population of children and the growth of toy industry has resulted in the commercialization of childhood. Toys have been an effective methodRead MoreToys Should Not Be Gender Biased Essay1321 Words   |  6 Pagesinfluence of gender stereotypes and let the child discover how they want to represent themselves. A large divide between little boys and girls is shown in the toy industry. The retail chain Target recognized the influence of the gender bias toys and the impact they have on children and parents and began neutralizing labels within the toy department. Toys should not be gender biased because gender stereotyping has wavered back and forth over the past fifty years. Gender-biased toys can have an impactRead MoreGender Roles And Its Effects On Society1405 Words   |  6 PagesGender Roles In Todays Society Are Due To Nurture Society today places many ideals when it comes to proper behaviours regarding gender roles. These are considered societal norms that are widely debated and controversial. Society has created a norm, which encompasses specific expectations and rules that change the daily lives of men and women, giving them specific tasks and behaviours to abide by. These standards are known as gender roles, which are defined as distinguishing actions, thoughts, andRead MoreVideo Toys : Toys And Toys Essay1713 Words   |  7 Pagesdepartment store, Target, at two o’clock in the afternoon. As I went to observe the kids’ clothing and toys sections, I immediately was presented with the topics we covered in class. Not only were the boy and girl clothing sections completely separate, but most of the toys were departmentalized into â€Å"girl toys† and â€Å"boy toys.† As I made my way up one aisle and down the next, I made note of what the various signs read. Some of the sign na mes in which I wrote down included: animatronic toys/companion

American Nursing Students

Question: Discuss about the American Nursing Students. Answer: Introduction: According to Cheng et al. (2016), the Chinese have lower caring ability than the American nursing students. One of the important characteristics of a nurse is the ability to take care of patients. The nursing educators in China and other countries are incorporating care into the nursing curriculum. The data was collected by conducting a survey for 109 American and 544 Chinese nursing students using Caring Ability Inventory and socio-demographic data sheet. There are differences between the caring ability between the educator exchange programmes of China and the United States. Certain factors such as gender, sibling status, marital status, religion, duration of program and affected CAI scores play a significant role in determining the caring ability of nurses. In America, the females have a higher caring ability than the males. Chinese have the same score both males and females. The students possessing nursing experience also score high and have a higher growth, self-esteem and confidence. Other factors such as the social status of a nurse in China being lower than what in America, the nurses do not get due respect from health care professionals and patients. Chinese also obtain low income while having high work pressure that makes the nurses feel negative about their profession. Caring ability is a crucial issue and creates gaps between Chinese and American students. However, the caring ability of the nurses in both countries can be strengthened depending upon the teaching and caring behaviour of faculties, modelling teaching methods and sharing life experiences. The educators shall also conduct periodic assessments in students caring behaviour so that improvements can be made as required. References Cheng, L., Liu, Y., Ke, Y. and Wang, W., 2016. Comparison of Caring Ability Between Chinese and American Nursing Students. Western Journal of Nursing Research.

Tourism Policy Review in Italy

Question:- Write aboutTourism Policy Review in Italy? Introduction In the most recent 50 years, tourism has been changed from a recreation movement into a major business segment around the world. From the beginning, it was moved in the world urban areas and destinations, while today it is getting to be progressively worldwide, fusing new ends and far from spots. Tourism is a core fixing in the monetary improvement technique of numerous Countries. The appeal of tourism as the generator of wage, work, charge accumulations, and remote trade income has driven numerous nations to enter the rivalry of drawing in universal explorers to their objectives. The dynamite development of tourism has brought its potential as a motor for monetary development to the consideration of arrangement producers, additionally its possible issues if left uncontrolled. Tourism as a complex financial movement has numerous linkages to an extensive variety of other financial divisions and exercises, consequently having positive multiplier impacts and a possibility to go about as an impetus for monetary advancement. Especially, at a neighborhood level it offers opportunities for vocation and wage, prodding provincial and nearby financial improvements, which are frequently extraordinary chances for some little and removed spots with constrained different alternatives for improvement. Tourism has fundamentally helped the ecological corruption, negative social and social effects and living space fracture. Tourism's unplanned development has harmed the regular and socio-social situations of numerous ends. As the tourism becomes at an end of the line, major financial, socio-social furthermore ecological changes happen. As a result tourism has turned into a need field in strategy making at neighborhood, local, national, supranational and universal level. Thus, the thought of maintainable tourism develops so as to preserve and protect the regular assets, human prosperity and long haul financial practicality of groups. Three are the measurements of reasonable tourism: monetary, socio-social and environmental measurements. Firstly, there is probably maintainable tourism must be monetarily achievable, because tourism is a monetary action. Financial supportability, in this respect, suggests upgrading the advancement development rate at a sensible level with full thought of the cutoff points of the end of the line environment. Additionally, the monetary profits from tourism ought to be genuinely decently dispersed all through the group. Besides, sociocultural supportability suggests regard for social personality and social capital, for group society and its benefits, and for a fortifying of social cohesiveness and pride that will permit group inhabitants to control their lives. Thirdly, natural maintainability perceives that characteristic assets of the individual group and the world ought to be no longer seen as inexhaustible and may be, always being drained. The characteristic environment must be ensured for its inherent quality and as an asset for the present and future eras. As of late there has been a becoming call from policymakers for natural rules, markers, and other research yet so far few prompt answers for their issues and answers to their solicitations are to hand. The many-sided quality of the issues included, and different challenges have likewise restricted the degree to which research has been nourished into the choice making methodology. Literature Review Tourism is perceived as being one of the world's primary monetary exercises. Concurring to the most recent UN to measurements, in 2008 there was in excess of 900 million global landings expanded by very nearly 35% contrasted with 2000. Tourism has become quick as an aftereffect of innovative and hierarchical changes encouraging transport at decreased expenses giving chances to recreation and set out to a more extensive section of current social orders. Owing to the growing of the tourism division, conventional and developing tourism goals are confronting expanding weight on their regular, social and financial situations. It is currently perceived that uncontrolled development in tourism going for fleeting advantages regularly brings about negative effects, hurting nature and social orders, and devastating the very premise on which tourism is fabricated and flourishes. On the opposite, when tourism is arranged, created and oversaw utilizing supportable criteria, its profits can spread all through society and the common and social situations. Amid '60s, tourism was considered a "smokeless industry and the dangers connected with its uncontrolled development were at that point obvious. Host social orders have gotten to be dynamically mindful of the issues of unsustainable tourism, and manageability concerns are progressively being tended to in national, provincial, in addition, nearby tourism strategies, systems, and arrangements. What's more, more voyagers are presently requesting higher ecological guidelines from visitor administrations and additionally a more prominent responsibility to nearby groups and economies. Uncontrolled ordinary tourism postures potential dangers to numerous characteristic ranges around the world. It can put tremendous weight on a region and lead to effects. For example, soil disintegration, expanded contamination, releases into the ocean, common environment misfortune, expanded the weight on jeopardized species and increased weakness to backwoods fires. It frequently puts a strain on water assets, and it can drive nearby populaces to go after the utilization of basic assets. In this setting, manageability has turned into the focal issue in tourism advancement arrangements all through the world. A considerable measure of foundations has created a progression of instruments that make it conceivable to consolidate manageability criteria in the arranging, advancement and administration of tourism. An expansive point of view is expected to consolidate cross-sectorial issues, in an ace dynamic arrangement to consider the social, financial and natural tourism. Before, ecologi cal issues had been seen as unavoidable results of human action and financial advancement. In such a viewpoint, natural security is considered by numerous as a requirement for advancement. Thus, the advancement of tourism is considered as compelled by natural enactment. Improvement prospects depend on as it were of natural quality, and tourism security is key not just on moral grounds but since the advantages (common and social) are the premise for human exercises. The asset security is crucial for the long haul advancement of tourism itself, what's more, to different reasons supporting legacy preservation. It is broadly perceived not just that an uncontrolled tourism extension is prone to prompt natural debasement, additionally that natural debasement, in this way, represents a genuine danger to tourism exercises. It brings to the cutting edge of the open approach the issue of how tourism helps maintainable advancement. Ensuring the earth was imagined as complicatedly connected to social and financial advancement. In parallel, new ends of the line are liable to rise, not prepared to adapt to the weights of tourism. It would require cautious evaluation of qualities, shortcomings, opportunities and dangers from tourism development and advancement in line with sustainability in tourism. The overall assessment of Italys Tourism Regulation The present policy progress envisages both augmented emphasis bestowed to tourism and at the same time devoid of integration of tourism policy in the entire development strategies. Irrespective of the tourism administration stability, there is dwindling efforts both from the stakeholders as well as in financial support. In Italy, multiplicity of the stakeholders who get actively engaged in tourism possesses a challenge in relation to governance as well as an organization in the realization of comprehensive and efficient strategy in Italy. The framework in place presents a system of tourism that is coherent as it permits integration in a horizontal manner. There is a gap in relation to tourism policy development as well as the fragmentation of the existing policy measures. The Department of Tourism does the accompanying assignments: in a joint effort with districts and independent territories, expounds and characterizes the national tourism arrangements; receivesmeasuresforthe tourism part, andalsofor arranging andadministration of structuralstores; directs ENIT State Tourism Agency; gives supports and motivations to create tourism request; advancesspeculations both in Italy andabroad; conveys accreditations andauthorizations to remote experts; overseesrelations with universalassociations; Areas and different stakeholders are spoken to on theofficialboard. Itseeks after thedestination of advancing Italy as a goaland its common,what's more, social legacy. It additionally do study and distributions create advertising, and advancement systems went for supporting the Italian vacationer segment, as a team with nearby powersanddifferent stakeholders. Plan Forecast for 2010 forthe National Tourism Administration (Department of Tourism) was 46,274,035.00 Euro of which 20,594,342.00 Euro reservedfortheoperations of the NTO(ENIT). In Italy, Regions distribute to thesegmentmonetary assets they could call their own. Mostrecentinformation alludes to 2009, at thepointwhenthegenuineconsumptionfor tourism wasuniversally 1,611 million Euro. The Department of Tourism leads a Project wentforgivingthe Convergence Regions with devicesandtechniquessupportingtheconfiguration in additionadministration of advancementplans in the tourism part. In the system of the Inter-territorial Program on Cultural, Natural and Tourism Attractors - ERDF 2007-2013 went for advancing the social and monetary improvement in the Joining Regions through the valorization of the social, common and scene legacy, the monetary allowance apportioned 49,907,000.74 Euro. Besides, an alternate co-financed task, conveyed out in the system of the Inter-local Program on Cultural, Natural and Tourism Attractors (plan Euro 139,200.00 Euro) came to a productive end with the creation of studies on the tourism economy of the four Convergence Locales, including information on visitor structures and tourism streams in those districts. The Legal Foundation In looking at the Italian constitution, there is not mention of the tourism legislation. Even though, not given a thought, the tourism sector in Italy exerts a great impact on another task where the nation has constitutional accountability. It is, for this reason, gives the state an implicit responsibility in the area of tourism and hence can implement administrative structures and agencies to be in charge of the tourism section in Italy. In the constitution, the state divides responsibilities among the territories with authority to regulate all tasks lying under the remit of the state. Owing to this, the regions in Italy get empowered to take essential roles in tourism tasks. As such, there are limits on the intervention of the state in matters of a region but concentrates in tourism matter that of national significance. The most thorough system law controlling tourism is Law n.135 of 2001. Taking after the Constitutional revisions, with law n.181 of 18 May 2006, the general obligation at the national level was given to the Prime Minister's Office, where the Bureau of Tourism was situated up through Law n. 286 of 24 November 2006. At the local and neighborhood level, the Constitution itself (art.117) entitles Regions and self-ruling Provinces with selective authoritative forces. In this manner, every-one of the 20 Italian Districts has its own laws and regulations in the field of the tourism: as indicated by the fundamental standard of subsidiarity, every one of them take the standards set out both by the EU and national Italian enactment. Specifically, the Government declaration of 13 September 2002, receiving the assertion marked between the focal State and the Regions and independent Provinces on the harmonization, advancement and improvement of the tourism division, reaffirmed the standard that R egions ought to agree to responsibilities attempted by the focal Authority. These are the determined rules for a "National Strategy to upgrade the improvement of tourism in Italy setting up a team to advance Italy as a terminus, through a solid activity of showcasing and correspondence; upgradingtheassociation in themiddle of nationalandprovincial/nearby organizations in order to facethedifficulties of logistics, foundations, systems of administrationsandtransport; consenting to vitalarrangementswith key global visitadministrators; guaranteeing business-situated administration of majorsocialandgameoccasions; enhancingthe level of expertpreparing; supportingendeavorseager to incorporatethenew ICT in their improvementplans; Redesigning the National Observatory of Tourism, with the points of upgrading the unwavering quality of information and gathering. The main viewpoint recognized of this radical change was the creation of new avenues and new ends which rival those in Italy, however in the meantime it was focused on the opportunities offered by the development of visitor streams from rising nations, particularly China, ought not be overlooked. The second viewpoint highlighted concerned the gigantic move in what visitors are requesting, in that they are no more substance to be simply uninvolved guests, yet are quick to effectively submerge them in a widely inclusive experience, communicating with the spot they are staying in. This now implies that, in settling on traveler goals, global buyers look to various variables which contrast from those that Italy has generally depended on (to be specific, craftsmanship and regular fortunes) as its key offering focuses and as advocating its status as a main objective. It was recommended that this is a circumstance that likewise requires a radical reevaluation of the authoritative methodologies used to direct the business previously. Regarded considerably more urgent to tending to these difficulties, nonetheless, was the issue of administration. It was noted that the current division of obligations between the state and areas in the field of tourism as an aftereffect of revisions made to Title V of the Constitution would appear to be completely wasteful. There was appropriately an apparent requirement for the state to be reverted with the ability to halfway organize matters relating to tourism, empowering it to set principles and plan limited time techniques, with neighborhood powers left to execute those strategies on the ground. It was surrendered, then again, that one issue stays to be defined, specifically, that of recognizing the institutional body that would best facilitate tourism technique at a focal level. While the Ministry of Cultural Heritage has tackled obligations around there, it was felt that the Ministry must show an all-encompassing vision of the area and not one skewed towards customary social tourism, in this manner permitting the business to grow its viewpoints. It was accordingly viewed as important to look to the key noteworthiness of the nation's tourism item and the significance of the setting in which it is advertised. Attention was set on the key requirement for imported methodologies that lead the different distinctive players to work towards clear targets. Additionally seen as urgent was the redefinition of the relationship between the general population and private circles, particularly as respects the administration of social legacy resources. Undoubtedly, enhancing the utilization of open and state-possessed offices with allowed utilization zoning that supports the tourism division was seen as an initial move towards supporting nearby improvement and conquering the hindrances that keep on obstructing the appropriation of a more market-arranged methodology to dealing with the nation. There was an accord of supposition, be that as it may, that with the end goal Italy should get to be focused once more, it must additionally devise methodologies went for enhancing its tourism advertising. Most importantly, this involves dividing the target business sector, including in order to find out how to fittingly pass on the exceptional exhibit of energizing prospects that the nation brings to the table to the different classes of sightseers. Also, it is important to assemble lead ventures that empower the advancement capacities of a specific neighborhood be moored to individual firms or activities, simultaneously contriving genuine benchmarks for commercial enterprises and administrators in a particular range. Also, the members indicated an imperative need to rebuild the cordiality business, empowering inns to particular proprietorship from administration of properties. In conclusion, more noteworthy resort to innovative development and e-administration procurement has until now been the situation was seen as basic keeping in mind the end goal to invigorate the offering and hook on to new traveler streams. It was reached that once the presentation has been assembled around these foundations, it is then important to market it effectively. Italian tourism ought to as needs be advanced through a solitary and promptly conspicuous national brand. In fact, the development of such a brand could be the genuine legacy of Expo 2015, a chance to give a facilitated showcase of Italy's different neighborhood offerings. Also, regardless of the challenges, this significant occasion is situated to occur at an ideal crossroads, with worldwide financial specialists again turning their look to Italy. It is a case it was asserted taking everything into account of not missing this opportunity, by verifying the presence of a stable administrative structure, clear ventu re time spans, and additionally fit and skillful go-to accomplices and foundations all vital components to pull in capital and advance recuperation in this and different divisions of state economy. References Apostolopoulos, Y., Leontidou, L., Loukissas, P. (Eds.). (2014). Mediterranean tourism: Facets of socioeconomic development and cultural change. Routledge. Bastmeijer, K. (2013). 8. The Antarctic Treaty System and the Regulation of Antarctic Tourism. Polar Law Textbook II, 131. Brida, J. G., Osti, L., Faccioli, M. (2011). Residents' perception and attitudes towards tourism impacts: A case study of the small rural community of Folgaria (TrentinoItaly). Benchmarking: an international journal, 18(3), 359-385. Boniface, B., Cooper, C., Cooper, R. (2012). Worldwide destinations: the geography of travel and tourism. Routledge. Barros, C. P., Botti, L., Peypoch, N., Robinot, E., Solonandrasana, B. (2011). Performance of French destinations: Tourism attraction perspectives. Tourism Management, 32(1), 141-146. Cimmino, M. (2012). Quality, tourism and standardisation: Italy towards a Plan Integral de Calidad del Turismo? A brief look at the breach of the tourist contract. Revista de anlisis turstico, (13), 29-48. Cucculelli, M., Goffi, G. (2015). Does sustainability enhance tourism destination competitiveness? Evidence from the Italian Destinations of Excellence. Journal of Cleaner Production. Chao, C. W., Shyr, O. F., Lee, C. S., Chao, C. H., Tsai, L., Kang, C. S. (2013). The Debate of Environmental Impact and Tourism Development: Perspective from Local Resident and Businessman. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 4(10), 410. Li, S. (2013). Antarctic tourism: The urgent need for a new comprehensive regulatory regime. New Zealand Journal of Environmental Law, 17, 321. Del Chiappa, G., Presenza, A. (2013). The use of network analysis to assess relationships among stakeholders within a tourism destination: an empirical investigation on Costa Smeralda-gallura, Italy. Tourism Analysis, 18(1), 1-13. Figini, P., Vici, L. (2012). Off-season tourists and the cultural offer of a mass-tourism destination: The case of Rimini. Tourism Management, 33(4), 825-839. Goodall, B., Ashworth, G. (Eds.). (2012). Marketing in the tourism industry: The promotion of destination regions (Vol. 1). Routledge. Ioppolo, G., Saija, G., Salomone, R. (2013). From coastal management to environmental management: The sustainable eco-tourism program for the mid-western coast of Sardinia (Italy). Land Use Policy, 31, 460-471. Massidda, C., Mattana, P. (2012). A SVECM analysis of the relationship between international tourism arrivals, GDP and trade in Italy. Journal of Travel Research, 0047287512457262. Morgan, N., Pritchard, A., Pride, R. (2011). Tourism places, brands, and reputation management. Destination brands: Managing place reputation (3rd ed., pp. 319). Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann. Morrison, A. M. (2013). Marketing and managing tourism destinations. Routledge. Middleton, V. T., Clarke, J. R. (2012). Marketing in travel and tourism. Routledge. Murphy, P. E. (2012). Tourism: A community approach (Vol. 4). Routledge. Patuelli, R., Mussoni, M., Candela, G. (2013). The effects of World Heritage Sites on domestic tourism: a spatial interaction model for Italy. Journal of Geographical Systems, 15(3), 369-402. Pineda, F. D., Brebbia, C. A. (Eds.). (2012). Sustainable tourism V (Vol. 161). WIT Press. Vanhove, N. (2011). The economics of tourism destinations. Routledge.

The History of Heineken Essay Example

The History of Heineken Essay The history of Heineken The Heineken family entered the beer business in 1864, when Gerard Adriaan Heineken bought a brewery in the heart of Amsterdam. Over the past 140 years, three generations of the Heineken family have built and expanded the brand and the company in Europe and around the world. It is thanks to the leadership of Gerard, Henry and Alfred Heineken that Heineken is one of the world’s leading brewing groups. Today Charlene de CarvalhoHeineken is delegate member of the Board of directors of Heineken Holding N. V. 864 22-year-old businessman Gerard Adriaan Heineken purchases the The Haystack brewery, the largest in the region. He demands and receives full control of shares, realising that sweeping and rapid changes are needed. 1868 To meet increasing consumer demand, a new brewery is built in Amsterdam at the Buitensingel. 1869 Gerard Heineken decides to switch from traditional top fermentation to the Bavarian method of bottom fermentation, a totally different te chnique that produces a clearer, purer beer, which keeps longer. The new beer is known for its quality and is called Gentlemans Beer as opposed to Workmans Ale. A decade of fierce competition begins, with several new breweries competing for the highquality beer market. Heineken must again start making cheaper workmans beers and gets into the business of cafes, hotels, and beer houses to secure purchasers. Brewers take on the role of banks, providing credit and extravagant extra benefits to win over clients. 1870 Due to the Franco-Prussian war, imports of Bavarian beer dry up, causing Heinekens sales to skyrocket. 1873 Heinekens Bierbrouwerij Maatschappij N. V. (Heineken Breweries or HBM) is incorporated. Gerard Heineken is appointed President and the name Haystack is replaced by Heineken. The brewery stops producing workmans beer. 1874 After merging the previous year with Oranjeboom breweries, a state-of-the-art brewery is built in Rotterdam. With a work-floor of 3000 square metres, it is one of the most expensive and innovative facilities of its day. 1875 Heineken beer wins a gold medal at the International Exposition in Paris and regular shipments to the French capital begin. Among others, the Folies Bergere signs up to receive an annual 2000 hectolitres. We will write a custom essay sample on The History of Heineken specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The History of Heineken specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The History of Heineken specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Heineken continues to expand, struggling between concessions to the market and its belief in the high quality, and price, standards that put it on the map in the first place. Continuing with Gerard Heinekens philosophy that, A good product is recommended by its use alone, the company refuses to deploy advertising seriously, seeing it as useless and rather low-class. Technical breakthroughs ultimately provide a critical edge. 1880 Heineken sales top 64,000 hectolitres. The company is now the biggest exporter to France, and in particular Paris, which is fast becoming the capital of the nineteenth-century. 881 Cooling systems are installed in the brewery in Amsterdam, terminating dependence on natural ice. In 1883, cooling systems are installed in the brewery in Rotterdam. 1886 Doctor Elion, a student of Louis Pasteur, develops the A-yeast strain, still used today to give Heineken its characteristic flavour. 1889 The innovations begin to pay off: the brewery is awarded the gold medal of honour at the World Exhibition in Paris, where Heineken beer is supplied to the Eiffel tower restaurant. This award crowns the quality-focused policies of Gerard Heineken and director Wilhelm Feltmann. It is an age of great innovation, and one improvement quickly follows another. The innovations are not only technical: industrial buildings like breweries are already being recognised as important works of architecture in their own right. The labour movement also begins to make its presence felt on the work floor. 1890 Electric lighting is installed at the Amsterdam brewery. 1893 Gerard Adriaan Heineken dies. Under the direction of Gerard Heineken and Wilhelm Feltmann, HBM has grown in its first twenty years from a small company to a large-scale industry. The groundwork has been laid for future expansion. 1894 The end of an epoch: despite master brewer Feltmanns hopes for his own son to take the position, J. D. A. Petersen becomes the new director. He later marries Gerards widow Mary Tindal, becoming stepfather of the eight-year-old Henry Pierre Heineken. 1899 The barrel-makers submit a request for a wage increase, marking the beginning of a long process of workers rights negotiations. As the business consolidates its hold on markets, employers come under increasing pressure from workers demanding explicit agreements and better treatment. Petersen resists pressure from old-style managers and strives for dialogue, which ultimately results in the first collective labour agreements. 2 / 11 1900 Heineken beer is honoured with a special Jury Prize in Paris. Sales of beer brewed under Heinekens auspices increase to 200,000 hectolitres. 1901 The year sees the first major strike and call for a boycott by workers. Negotiations result in a rise in the minimum wage and pay for overtime. 1904 A day of rest on Sunday is introduced. 1909 The first collective bargaining agreements are established. In Rotterdam, this means a 54hour week and four days off a year. As a compromise, workers no longer receive four free litres of beer a week. Henry Heineken comes of age and takes over the helm. He and his team represent a new generation of leaders. With both academic credentials and practical experience, they pioneer a new management style: socially aware and outward looking. 1912 Competition between well-established major breweries again increases to fever pitch. Heineken responds by reducing the price slightly and concentrating on on-premises sales. 1914 Henry Heineken obtains a seat on the Executive Board. Heineken welcomes its first woman employee, a telephone operator. Sales of beer brewed under the supervision of Heineken have now climbed to 300,000 hectolitres: 30% more than the beginning of the century The company begins efforts to expand to Asia. In the United States, alcohol is banned and will remain so throughout the decade. Modern communication and advertising come into its own as Heineken moves into foreign markets. An international springboard is created for future global expansion. 1923 Heineken is one of the first Dutch companies to establish a non-contributory pension fund for employees. 1927 H. R. H. Prince Hendrik grants HBM the rights to His Coat of Arms. H. R. H. Queen Wilhelmina grants HBM the rights to the Royal Coat of Arms with the title of Royal Purveyor. 1928 An aircraft writes a Heineken ad in the sky above the Olympic Games in Amsterdam: one of the first deeds of Peter Feith, new head of exports. Under his leadership, Heineken will take its first steps towards becoming a truly international company. 1929 3 / 11 Heineken participates for the first time in the construction of a brewery in a tropical region. Building starts in Surabaya in the Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia). The decade of the first great global economic depression sees ignificant international expansion and technical achievements for the company. Heineken moves decisively into the US and Asian markets. It also further expands its social policy: during the crisis, no personnel are fired. Rather, an early retirement scheme is applied for staff age 58 and over. 1931 Heineken and Fraser Neave in Singapore start Malayan Breweries Limited (MBL), now Asia Pacific Br eweries, operating in China, South-East Asia and New Zealand. 1932 Heineken opens a pilot brewery in Rotterdam, enabling the laboratory to test the results of its own activities. This is almost unique and critically important for trying out new modes of operation and instruction, especially for staff from breweries abroad. 1933 The M. S. Statendam transports the first Heineken beer consignment to the United States after Prohibition is lifted. This marks the beginning of Heinekens rising popularity in the United States. 1937 The Heineken Foundation for Personnel is established to provide extra support to employees in the years of the Great Depression. 1939 Heineken is listed on the stock market. The Foundation of the Central Brewery Organisation is established, initiated by Heineken. Its aim is to ensure a unified response by brewers during the impending war. The Organisation ultimately prevented disbanding of breweries and requisitioning of workers. World War II provokes a continuous decline in beer quality and production as breweries in the Netherlands are deprived of raw materials. As the war ends, the first signs of spectacular international expansion set in. Henrys successor, Alfred Freddy Heineken, enters the business as a sales promoter in the US, where he will develop the marketing expertise to later internationalise the company in the 1950s and 60s. 940 Henry Heineken resigns from the Executive Board and is appointed Delegate Member of the Supervisory Council (until 1951). 1942 Alfred Henry Heineken, grandson of the founder Gerard Adriaan Heineken and son of Henry Heineken, officially begins his career with the company. 1948 Prince Bernhard of the Netherlands grants the rights to his Coat of Arms to HBM. 4 / 11 1949 The Netherlands transfers sovereignty to the new Indonesian government. The Surabaya brewery becomes Heinekens Indonesian Brewery Company. On the international markets, the reputation of the Heineken brand name gains strength. In 1954, Alfred Heineken acquires the majority of shares in the company and begins a radical modernisation. With an ardent belief in brand and marketing, he sets about proving his conviction that beer can travel: its the beginning of a truly effective global marketing policy. 1953 The brewery De Sleutel (The Key) in Dordrecht is taken over by Heineken. De Sleutel, established in 1433, is the oldest industrial enterprise in the Netherlands. The brewery continues as a producer of dark beers until its closure in 1969. 1954 The rapidly growing popularity of beer dramatically influences Heinekens domestic and export sales volumes. The Board decides to build a new brewery in s Hertogenbosch. 1957 The Indonesian Government appropriates the Heineken brewery at Surabaya from 1957 until 1967. In 1967 Heineken resumes operations of the brewery, which ultimately takes the name Multi Bintang Indonesia. 1959 In order to meet the increasing demand for Heineken beer, the company embarks on a substantial extension of the brewery in s Hertogenbosch. Aba, Boma, Kumasi, Kisangani, Moundou The motto during the 1950s and 60s is: Build and Brew. By 1960, Heineken is the market leader in Africa, and is making giant strides elsewhere. Refinement of the companys visual design and brand identity continue; notable progress includes a clear international logo. 1961 The Kumasi Brewery in Ghana opens. Heineken owns or has an interest in 4 breweries in the Netherlands and 24 abroad, including properties in Egypt, Italy, Venezuela, Angola and the Belgian Congo (today Zaire). 1963 The Heineken Foundation is established to give a bi-annual award to outstanding scientists in the field of biochemistry, including microbiology and the germinating physiology of seeds. 1964 A new international logo is introduced, for labels, coasters and other visual designs. Among these are the famous Heineken lips, the two red semi-circles enclosing the black stripe and name on the coaster. The style has remained the international icon by which the brand is still known. 1967 The first fully automated filling line for draught beer is installed in the brewery in Rotterdam. 5 / 11 Simultaneously, a new keg type with a built-in extractor tube, the Sankey keg, that fits the new filling line, is put into use. It will be introduced gradually in the whole country. Heineken also embarks upon computerised data processing. 1968 Heineken takes over Amstel Brouwerij N. V. as well as soft drinks producer Vrumona N. V. in Bunnik (the Netherlands), thus securing its share in the Netherlands internal market, which is heavily under threat from foreign competitors. The first Heineken advertisements appear on TV. Increasingly at home in the world, Heineken is still a foreign guest in Europe. While it has a top position as an import in the premium segment of the market, it is not dominant in the European market as a whole. Alfred Heineken develops a strategy to change that and begins producing beer within European countries. 971 Alfred Heineken is appointed Chairman of the Executive Board. A glance at Heineken abroad reveals an expanding roster of interests: Malayan Breweries in Singapore; Perusahaan Bir Indonesia; bottle manufacturers Boukin in Zaire; Bralima, Zaire; Bralirwa, Ruanda; Brarudi, Burundi; Brasserie de Brazzaville in the Peoples Republic of Congo; Kumasi Brewery in Ghana; Nigerian Breweries; Ibecor in Brussels; Antilliaanse Brouwerij, Curacao ; Brasserie Lorraine, Martinique; Surinaamse Brouwerij in Paramaribo; Athenian Brewery in Athens; and Albert Maltings in Belgium. 972 Heineken acquires a majority participating interest in the share capital of Holding Company lEsperance, which was the French ALBRA group, then the third largest brewing group in France. 1973 On the occasion of the hundredth anniversary of the company, the Executive Board donates NLG 100,000 to three social-medical organisations located in cities in the Netherlands that have Heineken breweries. 1979 Official inauguration by Prince Bernhard of the Netherlands of the distillery (with grain-alcohol roasting house) in Zoetermeer. Heineken increases its participation in the Dreher Group (Italy) from 90% to nearly 100%. When Heinekens interest in the French brewing group ALBRA increases to 100%. , ALBRA is renamed Heineken France S. A. Heineken achieves broad market leadership in Europe through many acquisitions, and finetunes its communication and products to appeal to consumers in each local culture. These vary hugely: the English are used to weak dark ales; the Italians still have mainly a wine culture; the three Swiss language regions each have their own different expectations. Heineken becomes a fixture in traditional bars from Dublin to Geneva. 1980 A first installation based on reversed osmosis (hyper filtration) considerably improves water processing in Europe. 6 / 11 1982 The Amstel brewery in Amsterdam closes down. Production is transferred to the Heineken brewery in Zoeterwoude. Heineken takes over Brouwerij de Ridder B. V. in Maastricht (the Netherlands). Heineken doubles its participation in a number of companies in Central Africa by acquiring shares already issued. 1983 The company enters into brewing cooperation in Brazil with Coca-Cola bottlers, producing Kaiser beer. Today Cervejaria Kaiser is the third brewing group of Brazil. Kirin Brewery Company Ltd. starts to brew Heineken under license in Japan. 1988 This year is marked by a joint venture via Asia Pacific Breweries with third parties in the Mila Brewery in Shanghai (China) and the introduction of Buckler alcohol-free beer in France, Spain, the Netherlands and Ireland. 1989 Alfred Freddy Heineken retires from the Board, having reached the age limit laid down in the companys Articles of Association. He is appointed Chairman and Delegated Member of the Supervisory Council. Heineken has become the second largest brewer in the world with the worlds most international brand, selling in over 170 countries. The core values upon which it was built consistent top quality, engaging people through their own culture, and also its social awareness have allowed the company to renew itself over and again. 1991 Heineken takes over Van Munching Co. , its sole importer in the United States. This ends the remarkable lifetime contracts awarded Leo van Munching and his son in 1960 in recognition of their achievement as the first and only US importers of Heineken. Leo sr. was initially appointed in 1945. Through his work, Heineken became a best-loved import in the US, an achievement that remains as unique as his contract. 1992 Operations in the former Eastern Bloc and other communist countries gather steam. Heineken increases its interest in Komaromi Sorgyar RT in Hungary to 55. 3%. 1994 Heineken acquires a 24. 9% participating interest in the Polish brewery, Zywiec S. A. Zywiec has a leading position in the premium segment of the Polish beer market, three breweries with a total production capacity of 1. million hectolitres, and a share of 7% of the Polish beer market. An agreement is signed with Hainan Brewery Co. Ltd. (HBCL) for the construction of a brewery on Hainan Island in China. 1998 The Heineken University is opened. This is a training infrastructure designed for the optimal use and expansion of know-how and experience within the company. 7 / 11 1999 In the Netherlands, the Heineken brand is voted Brand of the Century and Alfred Henry Heineken is proclaimed Advertiser of the century. 000 Heineken receives the King William I Prize for Dutch Entrepreneurship. This prestigious prize is awarded once every two years to a large Dutch company that has attracted attention due to impressive entrepreneurial activities and important contributions to the economy, employment, prosperity and the entrepreneurial reputation of the Netherlands. Heineken expands its operations in China, Nigeria, Sweden, Belgium, Slovakia and Spain. 2001 The festive opening of the Heineken Experience in the former brewery on the Stadhouderskade in Amsterdam takes place. To honour this event, Heineken N. V. publishes the book, The Magic of Heineken. 2002 The Heineken Company respectfully marks the death of its leader Alfred ‘Freddy’ Heineken at the beginning of the year. As a true entrepreneur, Freddy Heineken is credited with making Heineken into the truly international company it is today. 2003 The acquisition of Brau-Beteiligungs A. G. (BBAG) in Austria, the largest acquisition in the history of Heineken, significantly extends the lead of Heineken in Europe, where Heineken was already the largest brewer. Through this acquisition, Heineken is now also market leader in Austria, Romania, and Hungary and consolidates leading positions and brand portfolios in Poland and the Czech Republic. 2004 The business is further shaped through acquisitions and joint ventures, ensuring the creation of value. In Russia and China the position of Heineken is strengthened through acquisitions and in the USA an agreement is concluded with FEMSA in Mexico to distribute their strongly growing brands. In South Africa, Brandhouse is launched, a joint venture with Diageo and Namibia Breweries. In Australia Heineken enters in to a joint venture with Lion Nathan. The first comprehensive sustainability award is published for the period 2002-2003, presenting a thorough and broad overview of activities worldwide. In recognition of the continuous focus on corporate sustainability, Heineken is awarded the prestigious Dutch ACC Award for best sustainability report. 2005 Heineken acquires a number of breweries in Germany and Russia. Also in 2005, Heineken introduces a new light Heineken beer to the US market. This new beer, Heineken Premium Light Lager, is brewed in the same high quality tradition as the original Heineken, but is lighter in taste and has fewer calories and carbohydrates. The US light market represents half of the total US beer market and is still growing. 8 / 11 Heineken also introduces its portable draught beer system, the Heineken DraughtKeg. DraughtKeg allows consumers to experience a premium quality draught beer at virtually any drinking occasion. Heineken launched this innovation in France and in the USA in May 2005, followed by the introduction in the Netherlands. The portable DraughtKeg has been developed for consumers who like to share and enjoy a quality draught beer in or outdoors and is relevant to the various beer cultures worldwide. In 2005 the Executive Committee is introduced. The two members of the Executive Board, the five Regional Presidents and five Group Directors together form the Executive Committee, which supports the development of policies and ensures the alignment and implementation of key priorities and strategies across the organisation. 006 Heineken acquires a number of breweries through Asia Pacific Breweries; the Fosters brewing assets in Vietnam and Quang Nam Brewery in Central Vietnam. A further business in the developing market of India and an acquisition in Laos are announced. Heineken also acquired shares in the Tunesian company, Societe de Production et de Distribution des Boissons. In 2006, Heineken continues to put into practice the belief that flatter and less complex management structures are essential to inc rease the speed at which decisions are taken and implemented across the business. That was the clear thinking behind the creation of the Executive Committee and a smaller Executive Board in 2005. The speedy roll-out of DraughtKeg early in its life cycle and the further investment in production; the accelerated integration of the Russian business; the centralisation of the IT function; these are all excellent examples of having brought that belief into practice. 2007 Heineken and Fomento Economico Mexicano, S. A. B. de C. V. (‘FEMSA’) extend their existing three-year relationship in the United States for a period of ten years, effective 1 January 2008. Heineken USA continues to be the sole and exclusive importer, marketer and seller of the FEMSA beer brands, Dos Equis, Tecate, Tecate Light, Sol, Bohemia and Carta Blanca, in the USA. Heineken and Carlsberg confirm their intention to make an offer for the entire issued share capital of Scottish Newcastle plc. Through the deal, Heineken will ultimately obtain a number 1 position in the UK and number 2 positions in the key markets of Portugal, Ireland, Finland and Belgium, as well as greater exposure to developing markets and segments, with positions in India and the US import market. Heineken acquires Krusovice Brewery in the Czech Republic from Radeberger Gruppe KG. As a result of this transaction, the market share of Heineken in the Czech Republic increases to 8 per cent, with total volumes of over 1. 6 million hectolitres, improving Heineken’s position in the market to number three. Heineken acquires the Rodic Brewery, in Novi Sad, Serbia and of the Syabar Brewing Company, in Bobruysk, Belarus. Rodic was established in 2003 and employs 282 people. The Rodic Brewery facility is a state-of-the-art, 1. million hectolitre brewery, located in Novi 9 / 11 Sad, northern Serbia. The company’s portfolio consists of the beer brands MB Premium, MB Pils and Master. 2008 The cash offer for the acquisition of Scottish Newcastle becomes effective. The closure of the transaction is the start of an exciting new era for Heineken, strengthening the position in Western Europe. The Company will accelerate the process of uniting people, brands and best practice from both Heineken and SN to create a single, stronger, more competitive business. Heineken’s acquisition of parts of SN includes businesses, licences and investments in Belgium, Finland, India, Ireland, Portugal, the UK and the US, with core brands including Foster’s, Kronenbourg 1664, John Smith’s, Newcastle Brown Ale, Sagres, Lapin Kulta, Maes and Beamish. In 2008, Heineken also announces a number of other acquisitions: Tango Brewery in Algiers, Algeria; the Romanian brewer Bere Mures; Drinks Union in the Czech Republic; Rechitsa Brewery in South Eastern Belarus; and the beverage division of Eichhof in Switzerland. Heineken also opens a brand new brewery in Seville, Spain. Heineken launches the first global, interactive responsible drinking campaign, called ‘Know The Signs’. Our aim is for consumers to engage and interact with this campaign rather than passively watch a one-way piece of communication. By making it possible to interact with this campaign we believe we are more likely to be successful in raising awareness of overconsumption of alcohol. 009 Heineken and United Breweries Limited (UBL), India’s leading brewer, create a strong partnership that will drive growth in one of the world’s fastest-growing and most exciting beer markets. Through the transaction, Heineken gains joint majority control of India’s number 1 brewer, UBL and agree terms for the brewing and distribution of the Heineken brand in India. As part of the new agreement, Heineken acquires Asia Pacific Breweries(APB) India and in a subsequent transaction transfer this into UBL during 2010. In 2009, Heineken ® endorses the United Nations CEO Water Mandate. This United Nationsled initiative encourages companies to play a more active role in solving issues related to water availability and quality. The signing of the CEO Water Mandate by Jean-Francois van Boxmeer re-confirms Heineken’s existing commitment to both sustainability and water management. In 2009, Heineken also announces the Heineken Africa Foundation to support and enhance the improvement of health for the people who live in the Sub-Saharan African communities where Heineken operates. The Heineken Africa Foundation supports health projects and health-related education. Heineken has taken this initiative to underpin its long-standing commitment to Africa. Following the acquisition of Scottish Newcastle in 2008, Heineken’s UK business marks the completion of integration with a change in name. The switch to Heineken UK is the beginning of an exciting, new chapter in the history of the UK business and a significant milestone for Heineken. 10 / 11 010 Heineken announces that it has completed the acquisition of the beer businesses of Fomento Economico Mexicano, S. A. B. de C. V. (FEMSA), following approval from all relevant anti-trust authorities and shareholders of Heineken N. V. , Heineken Holding N. V. and FEMSA. Heineken will execute the integration strategy it has developed in collaboration with the local management teams. The new management teams in Mexico and Brazil are announced; the newly acquired businesses forms part of the Heineken Americas region. In 2010, Heineken also announces a new, 10 year Sustainability agenda and goals. The commitments and plans are outlined in Amsterdam as part of a symposium1 on sustainable development. The company’s new approach to sustainability is characterised by an integrated ‘green’ vision for all aspects of its operations. It has set clear targets and adopted innovative ways at looking at its business processes. With its new agenda, Heineken recognises the role it should play in creating a better future and delivering across all its operations. 11 / 11

Free Essays on Black English Or Standard English (June Jordan)

Black/Standard English Black English or Standard English? That was the question June Jordan ¡Ã‚ ¦s students were faced with. They wanted to write a letter to the police about the brother of a fellow student, Willie Jordan that had been killed by cops. Should the students use Standard English and write a professional letter which contains no feeling and might not get the point across? Or should the letter be written in Black English, where there is the possibility that it will not be understood or disregarded. And while discussing the topic of Black English, ask yourself, while these students are fighting racism, are they also supporting it? At the State University of New York at Stony Book, Professor June Jordan taught a course called  ¡Ã‚ §The Art of Black English ¡Ã‚ ¨. This class was focused on teaching students the language of African Americans who first came to this country. This language was titled  ¡Ã‚ §Black English. ¡Ã‚ ¨ A group of rules were established, titled  ¡Ã‚ §Guidelines for Black English ¡Ã‚ ¨, one of which states:  ¡Ã‚ §Clarity: If the sentence is not clear then it is not Black English. It is a language that is kept simple and strays from many of the rules of Standard English. Instead of using different verb tenses, both past and present tense are written the same. For example,  ¡Ã‚ §He goes to the store „ ³ He go to the store and He went to the store „ ³ He go to the store ¡Ã‚ ¨ Due to the topic of this letter, the students feel that it needs to be written in Black English. They want this letter to have feeling and contain all emotion that the family of Willie Jordan experienced. An excerpt from the letter sates  ¡Ã‚ §Reggie, like many brother and sister, he a victim of brutal racist police ¡Ã‚ ¨. This statement, if you do not know any Black English, can still be understood. It makes a statement about police brutality in the black community and ties it back to the brutality of blacks in the history of the country. If the st... Free Essays on Black English Or Standard English (June Jordan) Free Essays on Black English Or Standard English (June Jordan) Black/Standard English Black English or Standard English? That was the question June Jordan ¡Ã‚ ¦s students were faced with. They wanted to write a letter to the police about the brother of a fellow student, Willie Jordan that had been killed by cops. Should the students use Standard English and write a professional letter which contains no feeling and might not get the point across? Or should the letter be written in Black English, where there is the possibility that it will not be understood or disregarded. And while discussing the topic of Black English, ask yourself, while these students are fighting racism, are they also supporting it? At the State University of New York at Stony Book, Professor June Jordan taught a course called  ¡Ã‚ §The Art of Black English ¡Ã‚ ¨. This class was focused on teaching students the language of African Americans who first came to this country. This language was titled  ¡Ã‚ §Black English. ¡Ã‚ ¨ A group of rules were established, titled  ¡Ã‚ §Guidelines for Black English ¡Ã‚ ¨, one of which states:  ¡Ã‚ §Clarity: If the sentence is not clear then it is not Black English. It is a language that is kept simple and strays from many of the rules of Standard English. Instead of using different verb tenses, both past and present tense are written the same. For example,  ¡Ã‚ §He goes to the store „ ³ He go to the store and He went to the store „ ³ He go to the store ¡Ã‚ ¨ Due to the topic of this letter, the students feel that it needs to be written in Black English. They want this letter to have feeling and contain all emotion that the family of Willie Jordan experienced. An excerpt from the letter sates  ¡Ã‚ §Reggie, like many brother and sister, he a victim of brutal racist police ¡Ã‚ ¨. This statement, if you do not know any Black English, can still be understood. It makes a statement about police brutality in the black community and ties it back to the brutality of blacks in the history of the country. If the st...

Hamlet Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 5

Hamlet - Essay Example Hamlet feigns insanity to discover the truth, but his character can still be ascertained by closely examining what he reveals about himself through his many speeches and his interactions with others. The fact that he survives until very near the end of the play demonstrates his strength of character while his insane ramblings to some of the other characters reveal his sharp mind. While many have pointed to his lack of immediate action upon learning of the true nature of his father’s death as a sign of weakness, the reasons for Hamlet’s inaction are demonstrated as an intelligent man’s determination to do what’s right. Throughout much of the play, Hamlet’s speeches can be seen to indicate more than one aspect of his character, such as in the Player’s speech (Shakespeare II, ii). This scene has been interpreted as Hamlet trying to remind himself of the need for revenge, trying to prove the need for revenge or trying to stir himself into the action of revenge due to the nature of the play he suggests (Westlund, 1978). At the same time, it shows Hamlet’s tendency to approach life as if it were a play, constantly taking on new roles to fit the action he is confronted with. In his comparison of the roles available to him in this instance, he can be seen to relish neither one. His sense of duty and honor, while it prevents him from willingly taking on the role of a murderer, also prevents him from allowing a foul, underhanded murder go, not only unpunished, but richly rewarded should the ghost happen to be the true spirit of his father. â€Å"One part of him says that he must take revenge, another part finds it horrible; he attempts to reconcile these conflicting feelings by saying that he fears the Ghost may be a devil† (Westlund, 1978: 252). At this point, he can not find a role that allows him to both enact the revenge demanded and retain his own

Childhood and Depression Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Childhood and Depression - Research Paper Example Researchers propose that although major depression affects anywhere from three to five percent of children and adolescents, up to 15 percent of children and adolescents at any given time manifest at least some symptoms of depression (Bhatia and Bhatia 73). Despite the prevalence of depression in younger populations, there are a number of treatment avenues that parents and guardians can follow in order to alleviate an individual’s suffering in those areas of life most affected by depression. In order to prevent future generations from being severely and negative impacted by depression starting in the childhood or adolescent years, professionals and parents should be better educated to recognize the risk factors and the symptoms. Childhood depression, particularly in children younger than seven years, is particularly difficult because of children’s inability to give details about their internal mood states. However, symptoms like chronic irritableness, impaired attention, and poor concentration are common possible indicators of a depressed child. When diagnosing depression in children, doctors must rule out physical causes of such symptoms, such as chronic disease and vitamin deficiency. If the depression is the result of these physical causes, the depression is considered secondary to its medical prerequisite. Major depressive disorder is a primary diagnosis that relies on symptoms similar to those seen in adult depression. If the depression is not a major disorder, it could either be classified as adjustment disorder, which starts within three months of an identifiable stressor (such as the loss of a parent), or as dysthymic disorder, which is a milder form of depression characterized by irritable or depressed moods and must occur for no less than a year (Bhatia and Bhatia 75). The risk factors for depression are not equivalent to causes, since none of them alone leads directly and invariably to childhood depression. Some common risk factors for c hildhood and adolescent depression include psychosocial and biomedical factors; that is, nearly two thirds of children and adolescents who have major depressive disorder are comorbid with another severe or moderate mental disorder (Angold, Costello and Erkanli 76). That means that even if a child or adolescent has been diagnosed for one mental disorder, there should still be a concern that the patient has a related but separate mental disposition toward major or moderate depression. For physicians, they must be able to recognize and treat the associated physical sources of depression; the most common among them are dysthymic disorder, anxiety disorders, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. For parents, they must be able to identify and seek treatment for their child’s symptoms as soon as they recognize them. In terms of treatments, medication is a common avenue for physicians to take in order to alleviate their patients’ suffering because of depression symptom s. Tricyclic anti-depressants are largely ineffective in children and adolescents according to meta-analyses and SSRIs likewise have underwhelming effects on reduction of symptoms in children (Bhatia and Bhatia 78). Concerns about effectiveness and safety keep some parents from putting their children on these medications (Merrell 209). Currently, only fluoxetine is approved by the FDA to treat childhood depression, so it is acceptable in cases of major depressive